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In 2012 the world's population exceeded 7 billion, and since 2008 the number of individuals living in urban areas has surpassed that of rural areas. This is the result of an overall increase of life expectancy in many countries that has…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-12-14 Filippo Simini , Charlotte James

Large-scale transitions in societies are associated with both individual behavioural change and restructuring of the social network. These two factors have often been considered independently, yet recent advances in social network research…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-07-06 Carl-Friedrich Schleussner , Jonathan F. Donges , Denis A. Engemann , Anders Levermann

Understanding quantitative relationships between urban elements is crucial for a wide range of applications. The observation at the macroscopic level demonstrates that the aggregated urban quantities (e.g., gross domestic product) scale…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-01-26 Lei Dong , Zhou Huang , Jiang Zhang , Yu Liu

Neighborhoods populated by amenities--such as restaurants, cafes, and libraries--are considered to be a key property of desirable cities. Yet, despite the global enthusiasm for amenity-rich neighborhoods, little is known about the empirical…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-07-21 César A. Hidalgo , Elisa E. Castañer

Urban space is highly heterogeneous, with population and human activities concentrating in localized centers. However, the global organization of such intra-urban centers remains poorly understood due to the lack of consistent, comparable…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-21 Shuai Pang , Junlong Zhang , Yu Liu , Lei Dong

I discuss economic and social sources of inequality and elaborate on the role of social networks in inequality, economic immobility, and economic inefficiencies. The lens of social networks clarifies how the entanglement of people's…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-17 Matthew O. Jackson

We present a complete analysis of the Schelling dynamical system [Haw2018] of two connected neighbourhoods, with or without population reservoirs, for different types of linear and nonlinear tolerance schedules. We show that stable…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-07-04 D. J. Haw , S. J. Hogan

Contrary to the widely believed hypothesis that larger, denser cities promote socioeconomic mixing, a recent study (Nilforoshan et al. 2023) reports the opposite behavior, i.e. more segregation. Here, we present a game-theoretic model that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-03-08 Venkat Venkatasubramanian , Jessica Shi , Leo Goldman , Arun Sankar E. M. , Abhishek Sivaram

Migration is reshaping demographic landscapes across Europe, raising urgent questions about adapting to rapid population changes. This study examines the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland, which experienced a 30% population increase over the…

General Economics · Economics 2026-05-08 Emma Bacci

In this paper we analyse the profile of land use and population density with respect to the distance to the city centre for the European city. In addition to providing the radial population density and soil-sealing profiles for a large set…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-04-24 Rémi Lemoy , Geoffrey Caruso

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, National governments have applied lockdown restrictions to reduce the infection rate. We perform a massive analysis on near real-time Italian data provided by Facebook to investigate how lockdown…

We investigate the socioeconomic urban scaling behavior in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. In the case of Denmark we examine the scaling of larger cities, municipalities within the Copenhagen agglomeration, and municipalities in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-03-08 Anthony F. J. van Raan

A city (or an urban cluster) is not an isolated spatial unit, but a combination of areas with closely linked socio-economic activities. However, so far, we lack a consistent and quantitative approach to define multi-level urban clusters…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-10 Wenpu Cao , Lei Dong , Ying Cheng , Lun Wu , Qinghua Guo , Yu Liu

Understanding people's preferences is crucial for urban planning, yet current approaches often combine responses from multi-cultural populations, obscuring demographic differences and risking amplifying biases. We conducted a largescale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Matias Quintana , Youlong Gu , Xiucheng Liang , Yujun Hou , Koichi Ito , Yihan Zhu , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Filip Biljecki

Many large cities are found at locations with certain first nature advantages. Yet, those exogenous locational features may not be the most potent forces governing the spatial pattern of cities. In particular, population size, spacing and…

General Economics · Economics 2019-08-27 Tomoya Mori

Mobility cross spatial units represents the embodiment of how people manage activities between locations along temporal sequences. Spatiotemporal pattern nevertheless interacts with the socioeconomic characteristics of respected origin…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-03 Rafiazka Millanida Hilman

Analyses of occurrences of residential burglary in urban areas have shown that crime rates are not spatially homogeneous: rates vary across the network of city streets, resulting in some areas being far more susceptible to crime than…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-02 Elizabeth Upton , Luis Carvalho

Data normalization for removing the influence of population density in Population Geography is a common procedure that may come with an unperceived risk. In this regard, data are constrained to a constant sum and they are therefore not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-09-26 Javier Elío , Marina Georgati , Henning S. Hansen , Carsten Keßler

An emerging area of research is the study of macroscale migration patterns as a network of nodes that represent places (e.g., countries, cities, and rural areas) and edges that encode migration ties that connect those places. In this…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Valentin Danchev , Mason A. Porter

Due to its wide reaching implications for everything from identifying hotspots of income inequality to political redistricting, there is a rich body of literature across the sciences quantifying spatial patterns in socioeconomic data. In…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-18 Alec Kirkley