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Evaluating the security of multi-agent systems (MASs) powered by large language models (LLMs) is challenging, primarily because of the systems' complex internal dynamics and the evolving nature of LLM vulnerabilities. Traditional attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Akansha Shukla , David Tayouri , Beni Ifland , Yuval Elovici , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, exemplified by OpenClaw, demonstrate remarkable capabilities in executing complex, long-horizon tasks. However, their tightly coupled instant-messaging interaction paradigm and high-privilege…

LLMs have made impressive progress, but their growing capabilities also expose them to highly flexible jailbreaking attacks designed to bypass safety alignment. While many existing defenses focus on known types of attacks, it is more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Haoyu Wang , Zeyu Qin , Yifei Zhao , Chao Du , Min Lin , Xueqian Wang , Tianyu Pang

The widespread deployment of LLM-based agents is likely to introduce a critical privacy threat: malicious agents that proactively engage others in multi-turn interactions to extract sensitive information. However, the evolving nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yanzhe Zhang , Diyi Yang

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by OpenAI's ChatGPT, brings to the forefront the imperative to defend against adversarial threats on these models. These attacks, which manipulate an LLM's output by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Amelia Kawasaki , Andrew Davis , Houssam Abbas

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in practice across a wide range of autonomous applications. Yet current safety mechanisms for LLM agents focus almost exclusively on preventing failures in advance, providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zibo Xiao , Jun Sun , Junjie Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in their reservoir of knowledge and understanding capabilities, but they have also been shown to be prone to illegal or unethical reactions when subjected to jailbreak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Fengxiang Wang , Ranjie Duan , Peng Xiao , Xiaojun Jia , Shiji Zhao , Cheng Wei , YueFeng Chen , Chongwen Wang , Jialing Tao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Hui Xue

Traditional approaches to safety event analysis in autonomous systems have relied on complex machine learning models and extensive datasets for high accuracy and reliability. However, the advent of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Mohammad Abu Tami , Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Mohammed Elhenawy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are valuable for text classification, but their vulnerabilities must not be disregarded. They lack robustness against adversarial examples, so it is pertinent to understand the impacts of different types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly central to agentic systems due to their strong reasoning and planning capabilities. By interacting with external environments through predefined tools, these agents can carry out complex user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hao Li , Xiaogeng Liu , Hung-Chun Chiu , Dianqi Li , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das

Autonomous vehicles must be comprehensively evaluated before deployed in cities and highways. However, most existing evaluation approaches for autonomous vehicles are static and lack adaptability, so they are usually inefficient in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Baiming Chen , Xiang Chen , Wu Qiong , Liang Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate LLM hallucinations and enhance their performance in knowledge-intensive domains. However, these systems are vulnerable to adversarial poisoning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jinyan Su , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhengxin Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently achieved great success in many tasks, which encourages DNNs to be widely used as a machine learning service in model sharing scenarios. However, attackers can easily generate adversarial examples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Xiaowei Zhou , Ivor W. Tsang , Jie Yin

Laboratories are prone to severe injuries from minor unsafe actions, yet continuous safety monitoring -- beyond mandatory pre-lab safety training -- is limited by human availability. Vision language models (VLMs) offer promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Trishna Chakraborty , Udita Ghosh , Aldair Ernesto Gongora , Ruben Glatt , Yue Dong , Jiachen Li , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Automatic adversarial prompt generation provides remarkable success in jailbreaking safely-aligned large language models (LLMs). Existing gradient-based attacks, while demonstrating outstanding performance in jailbreaking white-box LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qizhang Li , Xiaochen Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Yiwen Guo

Advances in deep learning have enabled a wide range of promising applications. However, these systems are vulnerable to Adversarial Machine Learning (AML) attacks; adversarially crafted perturbations to their inputs could cause them to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Amira Guesmi , Khaled N. Khasawneh , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Ihsen Alouani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gained attention due to their ability to understand and generate sophisticated human-like content. However, ensuring their safety is paramount as they might provide harmful and unsafe responses.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Miriam Ugarte , Pablo Valle , José Antonio Parejo , Sergio Segura , Aitor Arrieta

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have entered the commercialization stage, but their limited ability to interact and express intentions still poses challenges in interactions with Human-driven Vehicles (HVs). Recent advances in large language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shiyu Fang , Jiaqi Liu , Chengkai Xu , Chen Lv , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. Nonetheless, it was also witnessed that LLMs tend to produce inaccurate responses to specific queries. This deficiency can be traced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Dixuan Wang , Yanda Li , Junyuan Jiang , Zepeng Ding , Ziqin Luo , Guochao Jiang , Jiaqing Liang , Deqing Yang