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[Context] In traditional software systems, Requirements Engineering (RE) activities are well-established and researched. However, building Artificial Intelligence (AI) based software with limited or no insight into the system's inner…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Khlood Ahmad , Mohamed Abdelrazek , Chetan Arora , Muneera Bano , John Grundy

The implementation of responsible AI in an organization is inherently complex due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders, each with their unique set of goals and responsibilities across the entire AI lifecycle. These responsibilities…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Blaine Kuehnert , Rachel M. Kim , Jodi Forlizzi , Hoda Heidari

Organizations including companies, nonprofits, governments, and academic institutions are increasingly developing, deploying, and utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Responsible AI (RAI) governance approaches at organizations have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Emily Hadley , Alan Blatecky , Megan Comfort

There is still a significant gap between expectations and the successful adoption of AI to innovate and improve businesses. Due to the emergence of deep learning, AI adoption is more complex as it often incorporates big data and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Dian Tjondronegoro , Elizabeth Yuwono , Brent Richards , Damian Green , Siiri Hatakka

Generative AI is reshaping software work, yet we lack clear guidance on where developers most need support and how to design it responsibly. We report a large-scale, mixed-methods study of N=860 developers examining where, why, and how they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Rudrajit Choudhuri , Carmen Badea , Christian Bird , Jenna Butler , Rob DeLine , Brian Houck

Validity, reliability, and fairness are core ethical principles embedded in classical argument-based assessment validation theory. These principles are also central to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jill Burstein , Geoffrey T. LaFlair

As artificial intelligence (AI) further embeds itself into many settings across personal and professional contexts, increasing attention must be paid not only to AI ethics, but also to the governance and regulation of AI technologies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 James Weichert , Daniel Dunlap , Mohammed Farghally , Hoda Eldardiry

Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) is based on seven technical requirements sustained over three main pillars that should be met throughout the system's entire life cycle: it should be (1) lawful, (2) ethical, and (3) robust, both…

The popularisation of applying AI in businesses poses significant challenges relating to ethical principles, governance, and legal compliance. Although businesses have embedded AI into their day-to-day processes, they lack a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Haocheng Lin

The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has underscored the urgent need for responsible AI practices. Despite increasing interest, a comprehensive AI risk assessment toolkit remains lacking. This study introduces our Responsible AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Sung Une Lee , Harsha Perera , Yue Liu , Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Olivier Salvado , Jon Whittle

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including AI in Science (AIS), should be done following the principles of responsible AI. Progress in responsible AI is often quantified through evaluation metrics, yet there has been less…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Theresia Veronika Rampisela , Maria Maistro , Tuukka Ruotsalo , Christina Lioma

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is witnessing a recent upsurge in research, tools development, and deployment of applications. Multiple software companies are shifting their focus to developing intelligent systems; and many others…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Feras A. Batarseh , Rasika Mohod , Abhinav Kumar , Justin Bui

Ethical oversight of AI research is beset by a number of problems. There are numerous ways to tackle these problems, however, they leave full responsibility for ethical reflection in the hands of review boards and committees. In this paper,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Hang Yuan , Claudia Vanea , Federica Lucivero , Nina Hallowell

Background. As artificial intelligence and AI-powered systems continue to grow, the role of data scientists has become essential in software development environments. Data scientists face challenges related to managing large volumes of data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Matheus de Morais Leça , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Recent research suggests that it may be possible to build conscious AI systems now or in the near future. Conscious AI systems would arguably deserve moral consideration, and it may be the case that large numbers of conscious systems could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Patrick Butlin , Theodoros Lappas

Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance is the practice of establishing frameworks, policies, and procedures to ensure the responsible, ethical, and safe development and deployment of AI systems. Although AI governance is a core pillar of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Danilo Ribeiro , Thayssa Rocha , Gustavo Pinto , Bruno Cartaxo , Marcelo Amaral , Nicole Davila , Ana Camargo

Open-source software (OSS) is foundational to modern digital infrastructure, yet this context for group work continues to struggle to ensure sufficient contributions in many critical cases. This literature review explores how artificial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 S M Rakib UI Karim , Wenyi Lu , Sean Goggins

Integrating ethical practices into the AI development process for artificial intelligence (AI) is essential to ensure safe, fair, and responsible operation. AI ethics involves applying ethical principles to the entire life cycle of AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Saud Hakem Al Harbi , Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Foutse Khomh

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to transform healthcare delivery through revolutionary advances in clinical decision support and diagnostic capabilities. While human expertise remains foundational to medical practice, AI-powered…

The future of Requirements Engineering (RE) is increasingly driven by artificial intelligence (AI), reshaping how we elicit, analyze, and validate requirements. Traditional RE is based on labor-intensive manual processes prone to errors and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Mateen Ahmed Abbasi , Petri Ihantola , Tommi Mikkonen , Niko Mäkitalo