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Designing molecules with desirable physiochemical properties and functionalities is a long-standing challenge in chemistry, material science, and drug discovery. Recently, machine learning-based generative models have emerged as promising…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-26 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu , Chee-Kong Lee , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Enhong Chen

Machine learning tasks involving biomedical signals frequently grapple with issues such as limited data availability, imbalanced datasets, labeling complexities, and the interference of measurement noise. These challenges often hinder the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Xiaomin Li , Mykhailo Sakevych , Gentry Atkinson , Vangelis Metsis

Understanding how proteins structurally interact is crucial to modern biology, with applications in drug discovery and protein design. Recent machine learning methods have formulated protein-small molecule docking as a generative problem…

Binding affinity optimization is crucial in early-stage drug discovery. While numerous machine learning methods exist for predicting ligand potency, their comparative efficacy remains unclear. This study evaluates the performance of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-30 Nikolai Schapin , Carles Navarro , Albert Bou , Gianni De Fabritiis

We present KinetiDiff, a structure-based framework for de novo kinase inhibitor design that integrates a Geometry-Complete Diffusion Model with real-time AutoDock Vina gradient guidance. By injecting physics-based docking gradients into the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Aaryan Patel

Proteins adopt multiple structural conformations to perform their diverse biological functions, and understanding these conformations is crucial for advancing drug discovery. Traditional physics-based simulation methods often struggle with…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-14 Jiarui Lu , Xiaoyin Chen , Stephen Zhewen Lu , Chence Shi , Hongyu Guo , Yoshua Bengio , Jian Tang

In this work, we propose a novel framework to enable diffusion models to adapt their generation quality based on real-time network bandwidth constraints. Traditional diffusion models produce high-fidelity images by performing a fixed number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xi Zhang , Hanwei Zhu , Yan Zhong , Jiamang Wang , Weisi Lin

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in every stage of drug development. Continuing breakthroughs in AI-based methods for drug discovery require the creation, improvement, and refinement of drug discovery data. We posit a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Bing Hu , Ashish Saragadam , Anita Layton , Helen Chen

We introduce AbDiffuser, an equivariant and physics-informed diffusion model for the joint generation of antibody 3D structures and sequences. AbDiffuser is built on top of a new representation of protein structure, relies on a novel…

Computational protein design, i.e. inferring novel and diverse protein sequences consistent with a given structure, remains a major unsolved challenge. Recently, deep generative models that learn from sequences alone or from sequences and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-15 Igor Melnyk , Payel Das , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano

Designing novel proteins with desired characteristics remains a significant challenge due to the large sequence space and the complexity of sequence-function relationships. Efficient exploration of this space to identify sequences that meet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Erik Hartman , Di Tang , Johan Malmström

Recent methods for molecular generation face a trade-off: they either enforce strict equivariance with costly architectures or relax it to gain scalability and flexibility. We propose a frame-based diffusion paradigm that achieves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mohan Guo , Cong Liu , Patrick Forré

The widespread application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques has significantly influenced the development of new therapeutic agents. These computational methods can be used to design and predict the properties of generated…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Arthur Cerveira , Frederico Kremer , Darling de Andrade Lourenço , Ulisses B Corrêa

Designing protein binders targeting specific sites, which requires to generate realistic and functional interaction patterns, is a fundamental challenge in drug discovery. Current structure-based generative models are limited in generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zishen Zhang , Xiangzhe Kong , Wenbing Huang , Yang Liu

Acceleration methods for diffusion models (e.g., token merging or downsampling) typically optimize synthesis quality under reduced compute, yet often ignore discriminative capacity. We revisit token compression with a joint objective and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiacheng Liu , Shengkun Tang , Jiacheng Cui , Dongkuan Xu , Zhiqiang Shen

Designing ligand-binding proteins, such as enzymes and biosensors, is essential in bioengineering and protein biology. One critical step in this process involves designing protein pockets, the protein interface binding with the ligand.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-01 Zaixi Zhang , Marinka Zitnik , Qi Liu

Diffusion and flow-based models have enabled significant progress in generation tasks across various modalities and have recently found applications in predictive learning. However, unlike typical generation tasks that encourage sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yu Zhang , Xingzhuo Guo , Haoran Xu , Jialong Wu , Mingsheng Long

Generating molecules with high binding affinities to target proteins (a.k.a. structure-based drug design) is a fundamental and challenging task in drug discovery. Recently, deep generative models have achieved remarkable success in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-24 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu

Predicting a ligand's bound pose to a target protein is a key component of early-stage computational drug discovery. Recent developments in machine learning methods have focused on improving pose quality at the cost of model runtime. For…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-23 Wojtek Treyde , Seohyun Chris Kim , Nazim Bouatta , Mohammed AlQuraishi

The machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques are widely recognized to be powerful tools for virtual drug screening. The recently reported ML- or DL-based scoring functions have shown exciting performance in predicting…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-07 Zechen Wang , Liangzhen Zheng , Sheng Wang , Mingzhi Lin , Zhihao Wang , Adams Wai-Kin Kong , Yuguang Mu , Yanjie Wei , Weifeng Li