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In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, organisations face escalating cyber threats that can disrupt operations, compromise sensitive data, and inflict financial and reputational harm. A key reason for this lies in the organisations'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lasini Liyanage , Nalin Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

The document provides an in-depth analysis of the main attack chain models used in cybersecurity, including the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain framework, the MITER ATT&CK framework, the Diamond model, and the IoTKC, focusing on their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Juan Diego Bermudez , Josue Joel Castro , Diego Alejandro Peralta , Pablo Alejandro Guacaneme

The new cyber attack pattern of advanced persistent threat (APT) has posed a serious threat to modern society. This paper addresses the APT defense problem, i.e., the problem of how to effectively defend against an APT campaign. Based on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Pengdeng Li , Lu-Xing Yang , Xiaofan Yang , Qingyu Xiong , Junhao Wen , Yuan Yan Tang

Cybersecurity risk analysis plays an essential role in supporting organizations make effective decision about how to manage and control cybersecurity risk. Cybersecurity risk is a function of the interplay between the defender, i.e., the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Jiali Wang , Martin Neil

The power grid is a critical infrastructure essential for public safety and welfare. As its reliance on digital technologies grows, so do its vulnerabilities to sophisticated cyber threats, which could severely disrupt operations. Effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Omer Sen , Bozhidar Ivanov , Christian Kloos , Christoph Zol_ , Philipp Lutat , Martin Henze , Andreas Ulbig

The losses arising from a system being hit by cyber attacks can be staggeringly high, but defending against such attacks can also be costly. This work proposes an attack countermeasure selection approach based on cost impact analysis that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Jukka Soikkeli , Luis Muñoz-González , Emil C. Lupu

The alarming rise in the quantity of malware in the last few years poses a serious challenge to the security community and requires urgent response. However, current countermeasures seem to be no longer effective. Thus, it is our belief…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Elzbieta Rzeszutko , Wojciech Mazurczyk

Understanding the attack patterns associated with a cyberattack is crucial for comprehending the attacker's behaviors and implementing the right mitigation measures. However, majority of the information regarding new attacks is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Weiqiu You , Youngja Park

Information sharing is vital in resisting cyberattacks, and the volume and severity of these attacks is increasing very rapidly. Therefore responders must triage incoming warnings in deciding how to act. This study asked a very specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Paul B. Kantor , Dennis E. Egan , Jonathan Bullinger , Katie McKeon , James Wojtowicz

Cyber attacks are rapidly increasing with the advancement of technology and there is no protection for our information. To prevent future cyberattacks it is critical to promptly recognize cyberattacks and establish strong defense mechanisms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sawera Shahid , Umara Noor , Zahid Rashid

This paper is devoted to measuring the security of cyber networks under advanced persistent threats (APTs). First, an APT-based cyber attack-defense process is modeled as an individual-level dynamical system. Second, the dynamic model is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Lu-Xing Yang , Pengdeng Li , Xiaofan Yang , Luosheng Wen , Yingbo Wu , Yuan Yan Tang

Nowadays, cyber threats are considered among the most dangerous risks by top management of enterprises. One way to deal with these risks is to insure them, but cyber insurance is still quite expensive. The insurance fee can be reduced if…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ganbayar Uuganbayar , Artsiom Yautsiukhin , Fabio Martinelli , Fabio Massacci

Cybercriminals are rapidly developing new malicious tools that leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to enable new classes of adaptive and stealthy attacks. New defensive methods need to be developed to counter these threats. Some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Neil Dhir , Henrique Hoeltgebaum , Niall Adams , Mark Briers , Anthony Burke , Paul Jones

State-of-the-art defenses against adversarial patch attacks can now achieve strong certifiable robustness with a marginal drop in model utility. However, this impressive performance typically comes at the cost of 10-100x more inference-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Chong Xiang , Tong Wu , Sihui Dai , Jonathan Petit , Suman Jana , Prateek Mittal

With the burgeoning advancements of computing and network communication technologies, network infrastructures and their application environments have become increasingly complex. Due to the increased complexity, networks are more prone to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Diksha Goel

Technological advances have enabled multiple countries to consider implementing Smart City Infrastructure to provide in-depth insights into different data points and enhance the lives of citizens. Unfortunately, these new technological…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yee Ching Tok , Sudipta Chattopadhyay

Understanding adversarial behavior in cybersecurity has traditionally relied on high-level intelligence reports and manual interpretation of attack chains. However, real-time defense requires the ability to infer attacker intent and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Soham Hans , Stacy Marsella , Sophia Hirschmann , Nikolos Gurney

Threat information sharing is considered as one of the proactive defensive approaches for enhancing the overall security of trusted partners. Trusted partner organizations can provide access to past and current cybersecurity threats for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Hisham Ali , Pavlos Papadopoulos , Jawad Ahmad , Nikolaos Pitropakis , Zakwan Jaroucheh , William J. Buchanan

The growing reliance on deep learning models in safety-critical domains such as healthcare and autonomous navigation underscores the need for defenses that are both robust to adversarial perturbations and transparent in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Longwei Wang , Mohammad Navid Nayyem , Abdullah Al Rakin , KC Santosh , Chaowei Zhang , Yang Zhou

Computer network defence is a complicated task that has necessitated a high degree of human involvement. However, with recent advancements in machine learning, fully autonomous network defence is becoming increasingly plausible. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Myles Foley , Mia Wang , Zoe M , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis