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Language embeds information about social, cultural, and political values people hold. Prior work has explored social and potentially harmful biases encoded in Pre-Trained Language models (PTLMs). However, there has been no systematic study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Arnav Arora , Lucie-Aimée Kaffee , Isabelle Augenstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often misleadingly recognized as having a personality or a set of values. We argue that an LLM can be seen as a superposition of perspectives with different values and personality traits. LLMs exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Grgur Kovač , Masataka Sawayama , Rémy Portelas , Cédric Colas , Peter Ford Dominey , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Improving the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to the cultural values that they encode has become an increasingly important topic. In this work, we study whether we can exploit existing knowledge about cultural values…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from static tools to autonomous agents, traditional evaluation benchmarks that measure performance on downstream tasks are becoming insufficient. These methods fail to capture the emergent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zarreen Reza

Recent advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have sparked interest in their use for autonomous driving, particularly in generating interpretable driving decisions through natural language. However, the assumption that VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Shaoyuan Xie , Lingdong Kong , Yuhao Dong , Chonghao Sima , Wenwei Zhang , Qi Alfred Chen , Ziwei Liu , Liang Pan

Improving embodied reasoning in multimodal-large-language models (MLLMs) is essential for building vision-language-action models (VLAs) on top of them to readily translate multimodal understanding into low-level actions. Accordingly, recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dongyoung Kim , Sumin Park , Woomin Song , Seungku Kim , Taeyoung Kim , Huiwon Jang , Jinwoo Shin , Jaehyung Kim , Younggyo Seo

As users increasingly seek guidance from LLMs for decision-making in daily life, many of these decisions are not clear-cut and depend significantly on the personal values and ethical standards of people. We present DailyDilemmas, a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yu Ying Chiu , Liwei Jiang , Yejin Choi

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), there is a growing concern that they may pose risks or have negative social impacts. Therefore, evaluation of human values alignment is becoming increasingly important. Previous work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Guohai Xu , Jiayi Liu , Ming Yan , Haotian Xu , Jinghui Si , Zhuoran Zhou , Peng Yi , Xing Gao , Jitao Sang , Rong Zhang , Ji Zhang , Chao Peng , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial promise in enhancing task-planning capabilities within embodied agents due to their advanced reasoning and comprehension. However, the systemic safety of these agents remains an underexplored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting Huang , Leilei Ding , Zhipeng Tang , Tianfu Wang , Xinrui Lin , Wuyang Zhang , Mingxiao Ma , Yanyong Zhang

As the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) spreads across various industries, there are increasing concerns about the potential for their misuse, especially in sensitive areas such as political discourse. Deliberately aligning LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lisa Korver , Mohamed Mostagir , Sherief Reda

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled their use in complex agentic roles, involving decision-making with humans or other agents, making ethical alignment a key AI safety concern. While prior work has examined both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Steffen Backmann , David Guzman Piedrahita , Emanuel Tewolde , Rada Mihalcea , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Individuals' concerns about data privacy and AI safety are highly contextualized and extend beyond sensitive patterns. Addressing these issues requires reasoning about the context to identify and mitigate potential risks. Though researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Tsz Ho Li , Chanhou Lou , Hong Ting Tsang , Sirui Han , Yangqiu Song

Norms are an important component of the social fabric of society by prescribing expected behaviour. In Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), agents interacting within a society are equipped to possess social capabilities such as reasoning about norms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shawn He , Surangika Ranathunga , Stephen Cranefield , Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly appear in social science research (e.g., economics and marketing), it becomes crucial to assess how well these models replicate human behavior. In this work, using hypothesis testing, we present…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Harbin Hong , Sebastian Caldas , Liu Leqi

Reward models (RMs) guide the alignment of large language models (LLMs), steering them toward behaviors preferred by humans. Evaluating RMs is the key to better aligning LLMs. However, the current evaluation of RMs may not directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Enyu Zhou , Guodong Zheng , Binghai Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Shihan Dou , Rong Bao , Wei Shen , Limao Xiong , Jessica Fan , Yurong Mou , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

As AI agents increasingly act on behalf of human stakeholders in economic settings, understanding their behavior in complex market environments becomes critical. This article examines how Large Language Models coordinate on markets that are…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-11 Alexander Erlei , Lukas Meub

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed for detecting and responding to violent content online, yet their ability to reason about morally ambiguous, real-world scenarios remains underexamined. We present the first study to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Quintin Myers , Yanjun Gao

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate in environments where they encounter social information such as other agents' answers, tool outputs, or human recommendations. In humans, such inputs influence judgments in ways that depend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Anooshka Bajaj , Zoran Tiganj

Values are core drivers of individual and collective perception, cognition, and behavior. Value systems, such as Schwartz's Theory of Basic Human Values, delineate the hierarchy and interplay among these values, enabling cross-disciplinary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Haoran Ye , Tianze Zhang , Yuhang Xie , Liyuan Zhang , Yuanyi Ren , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

Alignment with human preferences is an important evaluation aspect of LLMs, requiring them to be helpful, honest, safe, and to precisely follow human instructions. Evaluating large language models' (LLMs) alignment typically involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yixin Liu , Pengfei Liu , Arman Cohan