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We propose semantic smoothing, a smoothing method for language models that uses embeddings to share statistical observations across semantically similar contexts. The starting point is a decomposition of log-perplexity that motivates…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Haricharan Balasundaram , Swathi Shree Narashiman , Pranay Mathur , Andrew Thangaraj

Despite the remarkable capabilities of Language Models (LMs) across diverse tasks, no single model consistently outperforms others, necessitating efficient methods to combine their strengths without expensive retraining. Existing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have consistently demonstrated outstanding performance across a diverse spectrum of natural language processing tasks. Nevertheless, despite their success with unseen data, current PLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Javad Rafiei Asl , Prajwal Panzade , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi , Zhipeng Cai

This report presents our systems submitted to the audio-only and audio-visual tracks of the DCASE2025 Task 3 Challenge: Stereo Sound Event Localization and Detection (SELD) in Regular Video Content. SELD is a complex task that combines…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Davide Berghi , Philip J. B. Jackson

Machine comprehension(MC) style question answering is a representative problem in natural language processing. Previous methods rarely spend time on the improvement of encoding layer, especially the embedding of syntactic information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Boyuan Pan , Hao Li , Zhou Zhao , Bin Cao , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of models and a promising route to fast language generation, but practical implementations typically rely on factored reverse transitions ignoring cross-token dependencies and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Dario Shariatian , Alain Durmus , Umut Simsekli , Stefano Peluchetti

Word embeddings and language models have transformed natural language processing (NLP) by facilitating the representation of linguistic elements in continuous vector spaces. This review visits foundational concepts such as the…

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) rely heavily on the compressed latent space provided by Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for high-quality image generation. Recent studies have attempted to obtain generation-friendly VAEs by directly adopting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 John Page , Xuesong Niu , Kai Wu , Kun Gai

We present SemLayoutDiff, a unified model for synthesizing diverse 3D indoor scenes across multiple room types. The model introduces a scene layout representation combining a top-down semantic map and attributes for each object. Unlike…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiaohao Sun , Divyam Goel , Angel X. Chang

We propose an approach to semantic segmentation that achieves state-of-the-art supervised performance when applied in a zero-shot setting. It thus achieves results equivalent to those of the supervised methods, on each of the major semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Wei Yin , Yifan Liu , Chunhua Shen , Baichuan Sun , Anton van den Hengel

Deep learning (DL)-based Semantic Communications (SemCom) is becoming critical to maximize overall efficiency of communication networks. Nevertheless, SemCom is sensitive to wireless channel uncertainties, source outliers, and suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jianhua Pei , Cheng Feng , Ping Wang , Hina Tabassum , Dongyuan Shi

Semantic vector embedding techniques have proven useful in learning semantic representations of data across multiple domains. A key application enabled by such techniques is the ability to measure semantic similarity between given data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Shalisha Witherspoon , Dean Steuer , Graham Bent , Nirmit Desai

A novel sentence embedding method built upon semantic subspace analysis, called semantic subspace sentence embedding (S3E), is proposed in this work. Given the fact that word embeddings can capture semantic relationship while semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Bin Wang , Fenxiao Chen , Yuncheng Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Despite recent monumental advances in the field, many Natural Language Processing (NLP) models still struggle to perform adequately on noisy domains. We propose a novel probabilistic embedding-level method to improve the robustness of NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Kira A. Selby , Yinong Wang , Ruizhe Wang , Peyman Passban , Ahmad Rashid , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Pascal Poupart

Word embedding, a high-dimensional (HD) numerical representation of words generated by machine learning models, has been used for different natural language processing tasks, e.g., translation between two languages. Recently, there has been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Haoyu Li , Junpeng Wang , Yan Zheng , Liang Wang , Wei Zhang , Han-Wei Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but face critical deployment challenges in device-edge systems due to resource limitations and communication overhead. To address these issues, collaborative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Jiahong Ning , Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

Sentence Embedding stands as a fundamental task within the realm of Natural Language Processing, finding extensive application in search engines, expert systems, and question-and-answer platforms. With the continuous evolution of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Bowen Zhang , Kehua Chang , Chunping Li

We develop and investigate several cross-lingual alignment approaches for neural sentence embedding models, such as the supervised inference classifier, InferSent, and sequential encoder-decoder models. We evaluate three alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Hanan Aldarmaki , Mona Diab

Understanding spoken language is a highly complex problem, which can be decomposed into several simpler tasks. In this paper, we focus on Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), the module of spoken dialog systems responsible for extracting a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Marco Dinarelli , Yoann Dupont , Isabelle Tellier

Large language models (LLMs) represent words through contextual word embeddings encoding different language properties like semantics and syntax. Understanding these properties is crucial, especially for researchers investigating language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Rita Sevastjanova , Robin Gerling , Thilo Spinner , Mennatallah El-Assady
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