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This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across a broad range of tasks including Olympiad-level mathematical problems, indicating evidence of their complex reasoning abilities. While many reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Prakamya Mishra , Jiang Liu , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Spatial reasoning is a key capability in the field of artificial intelligence, especially crucial in areas such as robotics, computer vision, and natural language understanding. However, evaluating the ability of multimodal large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Rui Xu , Dakuan Lu , Zicheng Zhao , Xiaoyu Tan , Xintao Wang , Siyu Yuan , Jiangjie Chen , Yinghui Xu

Recovering the structure of causal graphical models from observational data is an essential yet challenging task for causal discovery in scientific scenarios. Domain-specific causal discovery usually relies on expert validation or prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Taiyu Ban , Lyuzhou Chen , Derui Lyu , Xiangyu Wang , Qinrui Zhu , Qiang Tu , Huanhuan Chen

The pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI) has been accelerated by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which exhibit superior reasoning, generalization capabilities, and proficiency in processing multimodal inputs. A crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yi Chen , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Mingyu Ding , Bohao Li , Rui Wang , Ruifeng Xu , Ying Shan , Xihui Liu

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have driven major advances in language understanding, marking a significant step toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). With increasing demands for higher-level semantics and cross-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuntao Shou , Tao Meng , Wei Ai , Keqin Li

Built on the power of LLMs, numerous multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable performance on various vision-language tasks. However, most existing MLLMs and benchmarks primarily focus on single-image input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Haowei Liu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Yaya Shi , Chaoya Jiang , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Chunfeng Yuan , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

Reasoning is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to comprehend, analyze, and solve complex problems. In this paper, we introduce TextGames, an innovative benchmark specifically crafted to assess LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Frederikus Hudi , Genta Indra Winata , Ruochen Zhang , Alham Fikri Aji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven their worth across a diverse spectrum of disciplines. LLMs have shown great potential in Procedural Content Generation (PCG) as well, but directly generating a level through a pre-trained LLM is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Muhammad U. Nasir , Steven James , Julian Togelius

Large language models (LLMs) bring unprecedented flexibility in defining and executing complex, creative natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Yet, this flexibility brings new challenges, as it introduces new degrees of freedom in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Furkan Şahinuç , Ilia Kuznetsov , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych

In this paper, we propose the use of the popular word-based board game Codenames as a suitable benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Codenames presents a highly interesting challenge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Matthew Stephenson , Matthew Sidji , Benoît Ronval

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that demand complex reasoning. To track progress, robust benchmarks are required to evaluate their capabilities beyond superficial pattern recognition.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wenye Lin , Jonathan Roberts , Yunhan Yang , Samuel Albanie , Zongqing Lu , Kai Han

Molecule generation requires satisfying multiple chemical and biological constraints while searching a large and structured chemical space. This makes it a non-binary problem, where effective models must identify non-obvious solutions under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wen Tao , Yiwei Wang , Peng Zhou , Bryan Hooi , Wanlong Fang , Tianle Zhang , Xiao Luo , Yuansheng Liu , Alvin Chan

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated substantial potential in video understanding. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate synergistic reasoning capabilities across audio and…

The dissemination of Large Language Models (LLMs), trained at scale, and endowed with powerful text-generating abilities, has made it easier for all to produce harmful, toxic, faked or forged content. In response, various proposals have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Matthieu Dubois , François Yvon , Pablo Piantanida

Reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence that plays a crucial role in activities such as problem solving, decision making, and critical thinking. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Jie Huang , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

We introduce LLM CHESS, an evaluation framework designed to probe the generalization of reasoning and instruction-following abilities in large language models (LLMs) through extended agentic interaction in the domain of chess. We rank over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sai Kolasani , Maxim Saplin , Nicholas Crispino , Kyle Montgomery , Jared Quincy Davis , Matei Zaharia , Chi Wang , Chenguang Wang

As the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) expands, the demand for reliable evaluations increases. Existing LLM evaluation benchmarks primarily rely on static datasets, making it challenging to assess model performance in dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Qingchen Yu , Shichao Song , Ke Fang , Yunfeng Shi , Zifan Zheng , Hanyu Wang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu Li

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, and Large Language Models (LLMs) in particular, are increasingly employed for creative tasks like scientific idea generation, constituting a form of generalization from training data unaddressed by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Samuel Schapiro , Sumuk Shashidhar , Alexi Gladstone , Jonah Black , Royce Moon , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Lav R. Varshney

Large Language Models (LLMs) have not only exhibited exceptional performance across various tasks, but also demonstrated sparks of intelligence. Recent studies have focused on assessing their capabilities on human exams and revealed their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Zheyuan Zhang , Jifan Yu , Juanzi Li , Lei Hou
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