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The concept of polynomials in the sense of algebraic analysis, for a single right invertible linear operator, was introduced and studied originally by D. Przeworska-Rolewicz \cite{DPR}. One of the elegant results corresponding with that…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2012-01-06 Piotr Multarzyński

About two dozens of exactly solvable Markov chains on one-dimensional finite and semi-infinite integer lattices are constructed in terms of convolutions of orthogonality measures of the Krawtchouk, Hahn, Meixner, Charlier, $q$-Hahn,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-17 Satoru Odake , Ryu Sasaki

We classify all solution triples with $k$-Fibonacci components to the equation $x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz+m,$ where $m$ is a positive integer and $k\geq 2$. As a result, for $m=8$, we have the Markoff triples with Pell components $(F_2(2), F_2(2n),…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 D. Alfaya , L. A. Calvo , A. Martínez de Guinea , J. Rodrigo , A. Srinivasan

An analysis of the Markov tree is presented. Markov triplets, {x,R,z}, are the positive integer solutions to the Diophantine equation x2 + R2 + z2 = 3xRz. Inspired by patterns of the Fibonacci and Pell triplets in Region 1 and Region 2 of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Robert A. Gore

This note defines a family of Laurent polynomials (indexed in the rational projective line) which generalize the Markoff numbers and relate to the character variety of the one-cusped torus. We describe which monomials appear in each…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Francois Gueritaud

Solutions to the Markov equation appear in many mathematical contexts. We aim to build on the understanding of them by proving a recent conjecture about Markov polynomials; solutions to a generalised version of the Markov equation. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Sam J. Evans

We give a simple and entirely elementary proof of Gasper's theorem on the Markov sequence problem for Jacobi polynomials. It is based on the spectral analysis of an operator that arises in the study of a probabilistic model of colliding…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2010-03-11 Eric A. Carlen , Jeffrey S. Geronimo , Michael Loss

This article, based on joint work with Gabriel Carroll, Andy Itsara, Ian Le, Gregg Musiker, Gregory Price, Dylan Thurston, and Rui Viana, presents a combinatorial model based on perfect matchings that explains the symmetries of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-29 James Propp

In this paper we introduce generalised Markov numbers and extend the classical Markov theory for the discrete Markov spectrum to the case of generalised Markov numbers. In particular we show recursive properties for these numbers and find…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Oleg Karpenkov , Matty van-Son

In this note we study the integer solutions of Cayley's cubic equation. We find infinite families of solutions built from recurrence relations. We use these solutions to solve certain general Pell equations. We also show the similarities…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-06 Matty van Son

We explore a generalization of the Markov numbers that is motivated by a specific generalized cluster algebra arising from an orbifold, in the sense of Chekhov and Shapiro. We give an explicit algorithm for computing these generalized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Esther Banaian , Archan Sen

This article introduces mixed double Hurwitz numbers, which interpolate combinatorially between the classical double Hurwitz numbers studied by Okounkov and the monotone double Hurwitz numbers introduced recently by Goulden, Guay-Paquet and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-21 I. P. Goulden , Mathieu Guay-Paquet , Jonathan Novak

Markov-modulated L\'evy processes lead to matrix integral equations of the kind $ A_0 + A_1X+A_2 X^2+A_3(X)=0$ where $A_0$, $A_1$, $A_2$ are given matrix coefficients, while $A_3(X)$ is a nonlinear function, expressed in terms of integrals…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Dario A. Bini , Guy Latouche , Beatrice Meini

We consider the classical problem of estimating norm of the derivative of algebraic polynomial via the norm of polynomial itself. The corresponding extremal problem for general polynomials in uniform norm was solved by V. Markov. In this…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2012-05-07 Oleksiy Klurman

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we introduce a family of generalized Markov-Hurwitz equations, extending classical Markov-Hurwitz equations with additional degree n-1 interaction terms, Gyoda and Matsushita's generalized Markov…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Zhichao Chen , Zelin Jia , Wenchao Wu

This survey discusses the classical Bernstein and Markov inequalities for the derivatives of polynomials, as well as some of their extensions to general sets.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-05-24 Sergei Kalmykov , Béla Nagy , Vilmos Totik

We consider the classical problem of estimating norms of higher order derivatives of algebraic polynomial via the norms of polynomial itself. The corresponding extremal problem for general polynomials in uniform norm was solved by A. A.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Oleksiy Klurman

We develop a generalized Markov theory for the Markov--Lagrange and Markov spectra. The classical discrete Markov spectrum is governed by Markov numbers, the positive integers occurring in solutions of the Markov equation. We show that this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Yasuaki Gyoda

We investigate polynomials, called m-polynomials, whose generator polynomial has coefficients that can be arranged as a matrix, where q is a positive integer greater than one. Orthogonality relations are established and coefficients are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Peter S Chami , Bernd Sing , Norris Sookoo

The two-parameter Macdonald polynomials are a central object of algebraic combinatorics and representation theory. We give a Markov chain on partitions of k with eigenfunctions the coefficients of the Macdonald polynomials when expanded in…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-07-28 Persi Diaconis , Arun Ram