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Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive linguistic capabilities. However, a key limitation persists in their lack of human-like memory faculties. LLMs exhibit constrained memory retention across sequential interactions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jing Guo , Nan Li , Jianchuan Qi , Hang Yang , Ruiqiao Li , Yuzhen Feng , Si Zhang , Ming Xu

In this study, we propose a novel human-like memory architecture designed for enhancing the cognitive abilities of large language model based dialogue agents. Our proposed architecture enables agents to autonomously recall memories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuki Hou , Haruki Tamoto , Homei Miyashita

LLM agents lack persistent memory, causing conversations to reset each session and preventing personalization over time. We present Lyzr Cognis, a unified memory architecture for conversational AI agents that addresses this limitation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Parshva Daftari , Khush Patel , Shreyas Kapale , Jithin George , Siva Surendira

In this paper, we study an under-explored area of language and vocabulary learning: keyword mnemonics, a technique for memorizing vocabulary through memorable associations with a target word via a verbal cue. Typically, creating verbal cues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jaewook Lee , Hunter McNichols , Andrew Lan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are constrained by their inability to process lengthy inputs, resulting in the loss of critical historical information. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose the Self-Controlled Memory (SCM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bing Wang , Xinnian Liang , Jian Yang , Hui Huang , Shuangzhi Wu , Peihao Wu , Lu Lu , Zejun Ma , Zhoujun Li

Open-domain long-term memory conversation can establish long-term intimacy with humans, and the key is the ability to understand and memorize long-term dialogue history information. Existing works integrate multiple models for modelling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kang Zhao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Minglei Gao , Li Qian , Hanlin Teng , Bin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

Large language models (LLMs) operate within fixed context windows that fundamentally limit conversational continuity. When context fills, compaction discards history irreversibly; when sessions end, all memory resets to zero. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Rajendra Narayan Jena , Rajan Padmanabhan , Sankar Arumugam

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) tasks by planning and interacting with knowledge graphs. However, existing methods often confuse tool utilization with knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Mufan Xu , Gewen Liang , Kehai Chen , Wei Wang , Xun Zhou , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Min Zhang

We propose MemoChat, a pipeline for refining instructions that enables large language models (LLMs) to effectively employ self-composed memos for maintaining consistent long-range open-domain conversations. We demonstrate a long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Junru Lu , Siyu An , Mingbao Lin , Gabriele Pergola , Yulan He , Di Yin , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu

Long-horizon dialogue systems suffer from semanticdrift and unstable memory retention across extended sessions. This paper presents a Multi-Layer Memory Framework that decomposes dialogue history into working, episodic, and semantic layers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Sunil Tiwari , Payal Fofadiya

The statistical study of human memory requires large-scale experiments, involving many stimuli conditions and test subjects. While this approach has proven to be quite fruitful for meaningless material such as random lists of words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Antonios Georgiou , Tankut Can , Mikhail Katkov , Misha Tsodyks

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents, persistent memory at the API layer is essential for enabling context-aware behavior across LLMs and multi-session interactions. Existing approaches force vendor lock-in and rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Luiz C. Borro , Luiz A. B. Macarini , Gordon Tindall , Michael Montero , Adam B. Struck

Retrieval-Augmented Generation remains the dominant pattern for giving LLMs persistent memory, but a visible cluster of personal wiki-style memory architectures emerged in April 2026 -- design proposals from Karpathy, MemPalace, and LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Stefan Miteski

Despite the recent broad adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains, their potential for enriching information systems in extracting and exploring Linked Data (LD) and Resource Description Framework (RDF) triplestores…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Omar Mussa , Omer Rana , Benoît Goossens , Pablo Orozco-Terwengel , Charith Perera

Recent dialogue approaches operate by reading each word in a conversation history, and aggregating accrued dialogue information into a single state. This fixed-size vector is not expandable and must maintain a consistent format over time.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-24 David Donahue , Yuanliang Meng , Anna Rumshisky

Memory plays a key role in enhancing LLMs' performance when deployed to real-world applications. Existing solutions face trade-offs: explicit memory designs based on external storage require complex management and incur storage overhead,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xiaoqiang Wang , Suyuchen Wang , Yun Zhu , Bang Liu

Memory systems have been designed to leverage past experiences in Large Language Model (LLM) agents. However, many deployed memory systems primarily optimize compression and storage, with comparatively less emphasis on explicit, closed-loop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xingbo Du , Loka Li , Duzhen Zhang , Le Song

Large language model (LLM) agents are constrained by limited context windows, necessitating external memory systems for long-term information understanding. Current memory-augmented agents typically depend on pre-defined instructions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yu Wang , Ryuichi Takanobu , Zhiqi Liang , Yuzhen Mao , Yuanzhe Hu , Julian McAuley , Xiaojian Wu