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Pre-trained LLMs that are further trained with image data perform well on vision-language tasks. While adding images during a second training phase effectively unlocks this capability, it is unclear how much of a gain or loss this two-step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sedrick Keh , Jean Mercat , Samir Yitzhak Gadre , Kushal Arora , Igor Vasiljevic , Benjamin Burchfiel , Shuran Song , Russ Tedrake , Thomas Kollar , Ludwig Schmidt , Achal Dave

Recently, vision-language models have made remarkable progress, demonstrating outstanding capabilities in various tasks such as image captioning and video understanding. We introduce Valley2, a novel multimodal large language model designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziheng Wu , Zhenghao Chen , Ruipu Luo , Can Zhang , Yuan Gao , Zhentao He , Xian Wang , Haoran Lin , Minghui Qiu

Vision Large Language Models (VLMs) combine visual understanding with natural language processing, enabling tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and video analysis. While VLMs show impressive capabilities across domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ahmed Sharshar , Latif U. Khan , Waseem Ullah , Mohsen Guizani

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles

In recent times, we have seen a rapid development of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs). They have shown impressive results on academic benchmarks, primarily in widely spoken languages but lack performance on low-resource languages and…

Post-training data plays a pivotal role in shaping the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet datasets are often treated as isolated artifacts, overlooking the systemic connections that underlie their evolution. To disentangle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yu Li , Xiaoran Shang , Qizhi Pei , Yun Zhu , Xin Gao , Honglin Lin , Zhanping Zhong , Zhuoshi Pan , Zheng Liu , Xiaoyang Wang , Conghui He , Dahua Lin , Feng Zhao , Lijun Wu

Modern language model (LM) training has been divided into multiple stages, making it difficult for downstream developers to evaluate the impact of design choices made at each stage. We present EvoLM, a model suite that enables systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhenting Qi , Fan Nie , Alexandre Alahi , James Zou , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Yilun Du , Eric Xing , Sham Kakade , Hanlin Zhang

The ability to accurately interpret complex visual information is a crucial topic of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Recent work indicates that enhanced visual perception significantly reduces hallucinations and improves…

Developing vision-language models (VLMs) that generalize across diverse tasks requires large-scale training datasets with diverse content. In English, such datasets are typically constructed by aggregating and curating numerous existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Issa Sugiura , Keito Sasagawa , Keisuke Nakao , Koki Maeda , Ziqi Yin , Zhishen Yang , Shuhei Kurita , Yusuke Oda , Ryoko Tokuhisa , Daisuke Kawahara , Naoaki Okazaki

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) with varying capabilities and costs has created a need for efficient model selection in AI systems. LLM routers address this need by dynamically choosing the most suitable model for a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zesen Zhao , Shuowei Jin , Z. Morley Mao

We introduce OpenFlamingo, a family of autoregressive vision-language models ranging from 3B to 9B parameters. OpenFlamingo is an ongoing effort to produce an open-source replication of DeepMind's Flamingo models. On seven vision-language…

Most visual recognition studies rely heavily on crowd-labelled data in deep neural networks (DNNs) training, and they usually train a DNN for each single visual recognition task, leading to a laborious and time-consuming visual recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Jingyi Zhang , Jiaxing Huang , Sheng Jin , Shijian Lu

Data curation plays a crucial role in training powerful Visual Language Models (VLMs). In this work, we introduce the concept of Data Metabolism and present our data-centric framework to build VLMs throughout the development lifecycle.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jingyuan Zhang , Hongzhi Zhang , Zhou Haonan , Chenxi Sun , Xingguang ji , Jiakang Wang , Fanheng Kong , Yahui Liu , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang

While autoregressive Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success, their sequential generation often limits their efficacy in complex visual planning and dynamic robotic control. In this work, we investigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiacheng Ye , Shansan Gong , Jiahui Gao , Junming Fan , Shuang Wu , Wei Bi , Haoli Bai , Lifeng Shang , Lingpeng Kong

Data curation has shifted the quality-compute frontier for language-model and contrastive image-text pretraining, but its role for vision-language models (VLMs) is far less established. We ask how far data curation alone can take VLM…

Existing encoder-free vision-language models (VLMs) are rapidly narrowing the performance gap with their encoder-based counterparts, highlighting the promising potential for unified multimodal systems with structural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Haiwen Diao , Xiaotong Li , Yufeng Cui , Yueze Wang , Haoge Deng , Ting Pan , Wenxuan Wang , Huchuan Lu , Xinlong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have played an important role in many fields due to their powerful capabilities.However, their massive number of parameters leads to high deployment requirements and incurs significant inference costs, which…

Recent progress in vision language foundation models has shown their ability to understand multimodal data and resolve complicated vision language tasks, including robotics manipulation. We seek a straightforward way of making use of…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success as foundational models, benefiting various downstream applications through fine-tuning. Recent studies on loss scaling have demonstrated the superior performance of larger…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Sajal Dash , Isaac Lyngaas , Junqi Yin , Xiao Wang , Romain Egele , Guojing Cong , Feiyi Wang , Prasanna Balaprakash

Steel-LLM is a Chinese-centric language model developed from scratch with the goal of creating a high-quality, open-source model despite limited computational resources. Launched in March 2024, the project aimed to train a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Qingshui Gu , Shu Li , Tianyu Zheng , Zhaoxiang Zhang