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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the state-of-the-art method for many applications on graph structured data. GNNs are a model for graph representation learning, which aims at learning to generate low dimensional node embeddings that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Davide Buffelli , Fabio Vandin

The fundamental principle of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is to exploit the structural information of the data by aggregating the neighboring nodes using a `graph convolution' in conjunction with a suitable choice for the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Mahalakshmi Sabanayagam , Pascal Esser , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

A theoretical performance analysis of the graph neural network (GNN) is presented. For classification tasks, the neural network approach has the advantage in terms of flexibility that it can be employed in a data-driven manner, whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Tatsuro Kawamoto , Masashi Tsubaki , Tomoyuki Obuchi

Given the prevalence of large-scale graphs in real-world applications, the storage and time for training neural models have raised increasing concerns. To alleviate the concerns, we propose and study the problem of graph condensation for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Wei Jin , Lingxiao Zhao , Shichang Zhang , Yozen Liu , Jiliang Tang , Neil Shah

Gradient dynamics play a central role in determining the stability and generalization of deep neural networks. In this work, we provide an empirical analysis of how variance and standard deviation of gradients evolve during training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Vincent-Daniel Yun

Graph neural network (GNN) has been demonstrated to be a powerful model in many domains for its effectiveness in learning over graphs. To scale GNN training for large graphs, a widely adopted approach is distributed training which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Haiyang Lin , Mingyu Yan , Xiaocheng Yang , Mo Zou , Wenming Li , Xiaochun Ye , Dongrui Fan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) build on the success of deep learning models by extending them for use in graph spaces. Transfer learning has proven extremely successful for traditional deep learning problems: resulting in faster training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Nishai Kooverjee , Steven James , Terence van Zyl

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a promising deep learning approach for circumventing many real-world problems on graph-structured data. However, these models usually have at least one of four fundamental limitations: over-smoothing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Xun Liu , Alex Hay-Man Ng , Fangyuan Lei , Yikuan Zhang , Zhengmin Li

Fitting a function by using linear combinations of a large number $N$ of `simple' components is one of the most fruitful ideas in statistical learning. This idea lies at the core of a variety of methods, from two-layer neural networks to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Adel Javanmard , Marco Mondelli , Andrea Montanari

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a central tool for learning on graph-structured data, yet their applicability to real-world systems remains limited by key challenges such as scalability, temporality, directionality, data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Emanuele Rossi

Many Graph Neural Network (GNN) training systems have emerged recently to support efficient GNN training. Since GNNs embody complex data dependencies between training samples, the training of GNNs should address distinct challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Hao Yuan , Yajiong Liu , Yanfeng Zhang , Xin Ai , Qiange Wang , Chaoyi Chen , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Empirical studies show that gradient-based methods can learn deep neural networks (DNNs) with very good generalization performance in the over-parameterization regime, where DNNs can easily fit a random labeling of the training data. Very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show promising results for graph tasks. However, existing GNNs' generalization ability will degrade when there exist distribution shifts between testing and training graph data. The cardinal impetus underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Zhengyu Chen , Teng Xiao , Kun Kuang , Zheqi Lv , Min Zhang , Jinluan Yang , Chengqiang Lu , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

Graph classification is a challenging problem owing to the difficulty in quantifying the similarity between graphs or representing graphs as vectors, though there have been a few methods using graph kernels or graph neural networks (GNNs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Zixiao Wang , Jicong Fan

This paper studies the interplay between learning algorithms and graph structure for graph neural networks (GNNs). Existing theoretical studies on the learning dynamics of GNNs primarily focus on the convergence rates of learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Recent advances in neural algorithmic reasoning with graph neural networks (GNNs) are propped up by the notion of algorithmic alignment. Broadly, a neural network will be better at learning to execute a reasoning task (in terms of sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Andrew Dudzik , Petar Veličković

Recently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have shown great potential for the task of graph matching. It can integrate graph node feature embedding, node-wise affinity learning and matching optimization together in a unified end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Bo Jiang , Pengfei Sun , Jin Tang , Bin Luo

We propose an end-to-end framework based on a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to balance the power flows in energy grids. The balancing is framed as a supervised vertex regression task, where the GNN is trained to predict the current and power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Jonas Berg Hansen , Stian Normann Anfinsen , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are information processing architectures for signals supported on graphs. They are presented here as generalizations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in which individual layers contain banks of graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Luana Ruiz , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are designed to process data associated with graphs. They are finding an increasing range of applications; however, as with other modern machine learning techniques, their theoretical understanding is limited.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-23 O. Duranthon , L. Zdeborová