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Since distribution shifts are likely to occur after a model's deployment and can drastically decrease the model's performance, online test-time adaptation (TTA) continues to update the model during test-time, leveraging the current test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Mario Döbler , Florian Marencke , Robert A. Marsden , Bin Yang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Test-time adaptation approaches have recently emerged as a practical solution for handling domain shift without access to the source domain data. In this paper, we propose and explore a new multi-modal extension of test-time adaptation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Inkyu Shin , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Bingbing Zhuang , Samuel Schulter , Buyu Liu , Sparsh Garg , In So Kweon , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Deep learning models perform poorly when domain shifts exist between training and test data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a paradigm to mitigate this issue by adapting pre-trained models using only unlabeled test samples. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Junsu Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

A foundational requirement of a deployed ML model is to generalize to data drawn from a testing distribution that is different from training. A popular solution to this problem is to adapt a pre-trained model to novel domains using only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Kowshik Thopalli , Pavan Turaga , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Deep classifiers may encounter significant performance degradation when processing unseen testing data from varying centers, vendors, and protocols. Ensuring the robustness of deep models against these domain shifts is crucial for their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Xiaoqiong Huang , Xinrui Zhou , Haozhe Chi , Haoran Dou , Xindi Hu , Jian Wang , Xuedong Deng , Dong Ni

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot capabilities but struggle with distribution shifts in downstream tasks when labeled data is unavailable, which has motivated the development of Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yiwen Liang , Hui Chen , Yizhe Xiong , Zihan Zhou , Mengyao Lyu , Zijia Lin , Shuaicheng Niu , Sicheng Zhao , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Fault detection is crucial in industrial systems to prevent failures and optimize performance by distinguishing abnormal from normal operating conditions. Data-driven methods have been gaining popularity for fault detection tasks as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Han Sun , Kevin Ammann , Stylianos Giannoulakis , Olga Fink

The aim of unsupervised domain adaptation is to leverage the knowledge in a labeled (source) domain to improve a model's learning performance with an unlabeled (target) domain -- the basic strategy being to mitigate the effects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Zhen Fang , Jie Lu , Feng Liu , Junyu Xuan , Guangquan Zhang

Vision-Language Models seamlessly discriminate among arbitrary semantic categories, yet they still suffer from poor generalization when presented with challenging examples. For this reason, Episodic Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) strategies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Matteo Farina , Gianni Franchi , Giovanni Iacca , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci

High resolution micro-ultrasound has demonstrated promise in real-time prostate cancer detection, with deep learning becoming a prominent tool for learning complex tissue properties reflected on ultrasound. However, a significant roadblock…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mahdi Gilany , Mohamed Harmanani , Paul Wilson , Minh Nguyen Nhat To , Amoon Jamzad , Fahimeh Fooladgar , Brian Wodlinger , Purang Abolmaesumi , Parvin Mousavi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address distribution shifts between source and target data by relying solely on target data during testing. In open-world scenarios, models often encounter noisy samples, i.e., samples outside the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chentao Cao , Zhun Zhong , Zhanke Zhou , Tongliang Liu , Yang Liu , Kun Zhang , Bo Han

The deployment of IoT (Internet of Things) sensor-based machine learning models in industrial systems for anomaly classification tasks poses significant challenges due to distribution shifts, as the training data acquired in controlled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Stephanie Holly , Thomas Bierweiler , Stefan von Dosky , Ahmed Frikha , Clemens Heitzinger , Jana Eder

Adapting a trained model to perform satisfactorily on continually changing testing domains/environments is an important and challenging task. In this work, we propose a novel framework, SATA, which aims to satisfy the following…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Goirik Chakrabarty , Manogna Sreenivas , Soma Biswas

Test-time Adaptation (TTA) adapts a given model to testing domain data with potential domain shifts through online unsupervised learning, yielding impressive performance. However, to date, existing TTA methods primarily focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chang'an Yi , Xiaohui Deng , Guohao Chen , Yan Zhou , Qinghua Lu , Shuaicheng Niu

Deep learning models often struggle under natural distribution shifts, a common challenge in real-world deployments. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting models during inference without labeled source data. We present the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 John Turnbull , Shivam Grover , Amin Jalali , Ali Etemad

Machine learning models deployed in open-world scenarios often encounter unfamiliar conditions and perform poorly in unanticipated situations. As AI systems advance and find application in safety-critical domains, effectively handling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Tian Xie , Jifan Zhang , Haoyue Bai , Robert Nowak

For visual document understanding (VDU), self-supervised pretraining has been shown to successfully generate transferable representations, yet, effective adaptation of such representations to distribution shifts at test-time remains to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Sayna Ebrahimi , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

Continual Test Time Adaptation (CTTA) is a task that requires a source pre-trained model to continually adapt to new scenarios with changing target distributions. Existing CTTA methods primarily focus on mitigating the challenges of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jinlong Li , Dong Zhao , Qi Zang , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma , Nicu Sebe

Wild Test-Time Adaptation (WTTA) is proposed to adapt a source model to unseen domains under extreme data scarcity and multiple shifts. Previous approaches mainly focused on sample selection strategies, while overlooking the fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zixuan Hu , Yichun Hu , Xiaotong Li , Shixiang Tang , Ling-Yu Duan