English
Related papers

Related papers: Towards Robust Multimodal Open-set Test-time Adapt…

200 papers

Adapting models to dynamic, real-world environments characterized by shifting data distributions and unseen test scenarios is a critical challenge in deep learning. In this paper, we consider a realistic and challenging Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Manogna Sreenivas , Soma Biswas

Encountering shifted data at test time is a ubiquitous challenge when deploying predictive models. Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods address this issue by continuously adapting a deployed model using only unlabeled test data. While TTA can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mona Schirmer , Metod Jazbec , Christian A. Naesseth , Eric Nalisnick

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model generalizability when test data diverges from training distribution, offering the distinct advantage of not requiring access to training data and processes, especially valuable in the context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yige Yuan , Bingbing Xu , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Audio-visual continual test-time adaptation involves continually adapting a source audio-visual model at test-time, to unlabeled non-stationary domains, where either or both modalities can be distributionally shifted, which hampers online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Akshay Mehra , Bhavya Ramakrishna , Yunhui Guo , Guan-Ming Su

Text understanding often suffers from domain shifts. To handle testing domains, domain adaptation (DA) is trained to adapt to a fixed and observed testing domain; a more challenging paradigm, test-time adaptation (TTA), cannot access the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianlun Liu , Zhiliang Tian , Zhen Huang , Xingzhi Zhou , Wanlong Yu , Tianle Liu , Feng Liu , Dongsheng Li

This paper proposes a novel online evaluation protocol for Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods, which penalizes slower methods by providing them with fewer samples for adaptation. TTA methods leverage unlabeled data at test time to adapt to…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) intends to adapt the pretrained model to test distributions with only unlabeled test data streams. Most of the previous TTA methods have achieved great success on simple test data streams such as independently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Shuang Li

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (FTTA) addresses domain shifts without access to source data and training protocols of the pre-trained models. Traditional strategies that align source and target feature distributions are infeasible in FTTA due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ponhvoan Srey , Yaxin Shi , Hangwei Qian , Jing Li , Ivor W. Tsang

Recent learning-based multi-view stereo (MVS) methods are data-driven and have achieved remarkable progress due to large-scale training data and advanced architectures. However, their generalization remains sub-optimal due to fixed model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hannuo Zhang , Zhixiang Chi , Yang Wang , Xinxin Zuo

Machine learning applications on signals such as computer vision or biomedical data often face significant challenges due to the variability that exists across hardware devices or session recordings. This variability poses a Domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Théo Gnassounou , Antoine Collas , Rémi Flamary , Karim Lounici , Alexandre Gramfort

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (TTA), which aims at adapting models to data drifts, has recently attracted wide interest. Numerous tricks and techniques have been proposed to ensure robust learning on arbitrary streams of unlabeled data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Saypraseuth Mounsaveng , Florent Chiaroni , Malik Boudiaf , Marco Pedersoli , Ismail Ben Ayed

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances the zero-shot robustness under distribution shifts by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. Despite notable advances, several challenges still limit its broader applicability. First, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Youjia Zhang , Youngeun Kim , Young-Geun Choi , Hongyeob Kim , Huiling Liu , Sungeun Hong

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address the distribution shift between the training and test data with only unlabeled data at test time. Existing TTA methods often focus on improving recognition performance specifically for test data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yongcan Yu , Lijun Sheng , Ran He , Jian Liang

Providing a promising pathway to link the human brain with external devices, Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have seen notable advancements in decoding capabilities, primarily driven by increasingly sophisticated techniques, especially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Martin Wimpff , Mario Döbler , Bin Yang

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) is an emerging and challenging task where a model trained in a source domain must adapt to continuously changing conditions during testing, without access to the original source data. CTTA is prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ziqi Shi , Fan Lyu , Ye Liu , Fanhua Shang , Fuyuan Hu , Wei Feng , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing the generalizability of models. However, existing mainstream TTA methods, predominantly operating at batch level, often exhibit suboptimal performance in complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yige Yuan , Bingbing Xu , Teng Xiao , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

In real-world applications, there is often a domain shift from training to test data. This observation resulted in the development of test-time adaptation (TTA). It aims to adapt a pre-trained source model to the test data without requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Pascal Schlachter , Bin Yang

Continual Test-time adaptation (CTTA) continuously adapts the deployed model on every incoming batch of data. While achieving optimal accuracy, existing CTTA approaches present poor real-world applicability on resource-constrained edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiao Ma , Young D. Kwon , Dong Ma

Speech emotion recognition (SER) with audio-language models (ALMs) remains vulnerable to distribution shifts at test time, leading to performance degradation in out-of-domain scenarios. Test-time adaptation (TTA) provides a promising…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiacheng Shi , Hongfei Du , Y. Alicia Hong , Ye Gao

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian