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Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing owing to diverse training paradigms that empower LLMs to effectively capture intricate linguistic patterns and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lemei Zhang , Peng Liu , Yashar Deldjoo , Yong Zheng , Jon Atle Gulla

A key challenge in transportation planning is that the collective preferences of heterogeneous travelers often diverge from the policies produced by model-driven decision tools. This misalignment frequently results in implementation delays…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xiaoyu Yan , Tianxing Dai , Yu Marco Nie

For personalized marketing, a new challenge of how to effectively algorithm the A/B testing to maximize user response is urgently to be overcome. In this paper, we present a new approach, the RL-LLM-AB test framework, for using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haoyang Feng , Yanjun Dai , Yuan Gao

With the boom of e-commerce and web applications, recommender systems have become an important part of our daily lives, providing personalized recommendations based on the user's preferences. Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have made…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xiaonan Xu , Yichao Wu , Penghao Liang , Yuhang He , Han Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced in reasoning when optimized with reinforcement learning (RL) under verifiable rewards. Existing methods primarily rely on outcome-based supervision to strengthen internal LLM reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Siyao Song , Cong Ma , Zhihao Cheng , Shiye Lei , Minghao Li , Ying Zeng , Huaixiao Tou , Kai Jia

Reinforcement learning (RL) trains agents to accomplish complex tasks through environmental interaction data, but its capacity is also limited by the scope of the available data. To obtain a knowledgeable agent, a promising approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jing-Cheng Pang , Si-Hang Yang , Kaiyuan Li , Jiaji Zhang , Xiong-Hui Chen , Nan Tang , Yang Yu

Rule-based adaptation is a foundational approach to self-adaptation, characterized by its human readability and rapid response. However, building high-performance and robust adaptation rules is often a challenge because it essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yusei Ishimizu , Jialong Li , Jinglue Xu , Jinyu Cai , Hitoshi Iba , Kenji Tei

The reasoning and generalization capabilities of LLMs can help us better understand user preferences and item characteristics, offering exciting prospects to enhance recommendation systems. Though effective while user-item interactions are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jianling Wang , Haokai Lu , James Caverlee , Ed Chi , Minmin Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently use on-policy algorithms, such as PPO or GRPO. However, policy lag from distributed training architectures and differences between the training and inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daniel Ritter , Owen Oertell , Bradley Guo , Jonathan Chang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to recommend mobile applications through natural language prompts, offering a flexible alternative to keyword-based app store search. Yet, the reasoning behind these recommendations remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Quim Motger , Xavier Franch , Vincenzo Gervasi , Jordi Marco

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

Large language models (LLMs) excel in tasks like question answering and dialogue, but complex tasks requiring interaction, such as negotiation and persuasion, require additional long-horizon reasoning and planning. Reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Joey Hong , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

Leveraging Large Language Models as Recommenders (LLMRec) has gained significant attention and introduced fresh perspectives in user preference modeling. Existing LLMRec approaches prioritize text semantics, usually neglecting the valuable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Jizhi Zhang , Keqin Bao , Qifan Wang , Xiangnan He

In visual analytics, applying filters to drill-down and extract higher-value insights is a common and important data analysis method. When the drill-down space becomes excessively large, analysts may lose orientation, leading to decreased…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhijun Zheng , Tian Qiu , Yuheng Zhao , Siming Chen

Efficient use of large language models (LLMs) is critical for deployment at scale: without adaptive routing, systems either overpay for strong models or risk poor performance from weaker ones. Selecting the right LLM for each query is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Wang Wei , Tiankai Yang , Hongjie Chen , Yue Zhao , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan A. Rossi , Hoda Eldardiry

In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), providing learners with suitable and sufficient explanations of AI-based recommendation algorithm's output becomes essential to enable them to make an informed decision about it. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Hasan Abu-Rasheed , Christian Weber , Madjid Fathi

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled understanding webpage contexts, product details, and human instructions. Utilizing LLMs as the foundational architecture for either reward models or policies in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shuang Feng , Grace Feng

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, fine-tuning techniques for aligning with human intent are increasingly important. A key consideration for aligning these models is how to most effectively use human resources, or model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 William Muldrew , Peter Hayes , Mingtian Zhang , David Barber

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted considerable interest among researchers to leverage these models to enhance Recommender Systems (RSs). Existing work predominantly utilizes LLMs to generate knowledge-rich…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zhongxiang Sun , Zihua Si , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu
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