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Sentence embedding is an important research topic in natural language processing. It is essential to generate a good embedding vector that fully reflects the semantic meaning of a sentence in order to achieve an enhanced performance for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Myeongjun Jang , Pilsung Kang

Contrastive learning has been extensively studied in sentence embedding learning, which assumes that the embeddings of different views of the same sentence are closer. The constraint brought by this assumption is weak, and a good sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Xing Wu , Chaochen Gao , Zijia Lin , Jizhong Han , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

Learning semantically meaningful sentence embeddings is an open problem in natural language processing. In this work, we propose a sentence embedding learning approach that exploits both visual and textual information via a multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Miaoran Zhang , Marius Mosbach , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Michael A. Hedderich , Dietrich Klakow

This paper describes Difference-aware Deep continuous prompt for Contrastive Sentence Embeddings (D2CSE) that learns sentence embeddings. Compared to state-of-the-art approaches, D2CSE computes sentence vectors that are exceptional to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Hyunjae Lee

Software Requirement Document (RD) typically contain tens of thousands of individual requirements, and ensuring consistency among these requirements is critical for the success of software engineering projects. Automated detection methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yizheng Wang , Tao Jiang , Jinyan Bai , Zhengbin Zou , Tiancheng Xue , Nan Zhang , Jie Luan

Self-supervised sentence representation learning is the task of constructing an embedding space for sentences without relying on human annotation efforts. One straightforward approach is to finetune a pretrained language model (PLM) with a…

Recently, sentiment-aware pre-trained language models (PLMs) demonstrate impressive results in downstream sentiment analysis tasks. However, they neglect to evaluate the quality of their constructed sentiment representations; they just…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jaemin Kim , Yohan Na , Kangmin Kim , Sang Rak Lee , Dong-Kyu Chae

Massively multilingual sentence representation models, e.g., LASER, SBERT-distill, and LaBSE, help significantly improve cross-lingual downstream tasks. However, the use of a large amount of data or inefficient model architectures results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zhuoyuan Mao , Chenhui Chu , Sadao Kurohashi

Contrastive learning has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing pre-trained language models (PLMs) to derive superior universal sentence embeddings. However, existing contrastive methods still have two limitations. Firstly, previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yuxin Jiang , Linhan Zhang , Wei Wang

We propose PromptBERT, a novel contrastive learning method for learning better sentence representation. We firstly analyze the drawback of current sentence embedding from original BERT and find that it is mainly due to the static token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ting Jiang , Jian Jiao , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang , Furu Wei , Haizhen Huang , Denvy Deng , Qi Zhang

We present a novel approach to learn representations for sentence-level semantic similarity using conversational data. Our method trains an unsupervised model to predict conversational input-response pairs. The resulting sentence embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Yinfei Yang , Steve Yuan , Daniel Cer , Sheng-yi Kong , Noah Constant , Petr Pilar , Heming Ge , Yun-Hsuan Sung , Brian Strope , Ray Kurzweil

Contrastive learning has shown great potential in unsupervised sentence embedding tasks, e.g., SimCSE. However, We find that these existing solutions are heavily affected by superficial features like the length of sentences or syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Haochen Tan , Wei Shao , Han Wu , Ke Yang , Linqi Song

Sentence embedding is a significant research topic in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Generating sentence embedding vectors reflecting the intrinsic meaning of a sentence is a key factor to achieve an enhanced performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Myeongjun Jang , Pilsung Kang

Generic sentence embeddings provide a coarse-grained approximation of semantic textual similarity but ignore specific aspects that make texts similar. Conversely, aspect-based sentence embeddings provide similarities between texts based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Tim Schopf , Emanuel Gerber , Malte Ostendorff , Florian Matthes

Recent state-of-the-art natural language understanding models, such as BERT and XLNet, score a pair of sentences (A and B) using multiple cross-attention operations - a process in which each word in sentence A attends to all words in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Oren Barkan , Noam Razin , Itzik Malkiel , Ori Katz , Avi Caciularu , Noam Koenigstein

Pre-trained transformer models shine in many natural language processing tasks and therefore are expected to bear the representation of the input sentence or text meaning. These sentence-level embeddings are also important in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Lukas Stankevičius , Mantas Lukoševičius

Many recent successes in sentence representation learning have been achieved by simply fine-tuning on the Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets with triplet loss or siamese loss. Nevertheless, they share a common weakness: sentences in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Dejiao Zhang , Shang-Wen Li , Wei Xiao , Henghui Zhu , Ramesh Nallapati , Andrew O. Arnold , Bing Xiang

Pretrained language models such as BERT, GPT have shown great effectiveness in language understanding. The auxiliary predictive tasks in existing pretraining approaches are mostly defined on tokens, thus may not be able to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Hongchao Fang , Sicheng Wang , Meng Zhou , Jiayuan Ding , Pengtao Xie

Contrastive learning has been the dominant approach to train state-of-the-art sentence embeddings. Previous studies have typically learned sentence embeddings either through the use of human-annotated natural language inference (NLI) data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Junlei Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

We introduce SemCSE, an unsupervised method for learning semantic embeddings of scientific texts. Building on recent advances in contrastive learning for text embeddings, our approach leverages LLM-generated summaries of scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Marc Brinner , Sina Zarriess