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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at reasoning in linguistic space but struggle with perceptual understanding that requires dense visual perception, e.g., spatial reasoning and geometric awareness. This limitation stems from the fact that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yiming Qin , Bomin Wei , Jiaxin Ge , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Stephanie Fu , Trevor Darrell , XuDong Wang

Recent advances in vision-language reasoning underscore the importance of thinking with images, where models actively ground their reasoning in visual evidence. Yet, prevailing frameworks treat visual actions as optional tools, boosting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Changpeng Wang , Haozhe Wang , Xi Chen , Junhan Liu , Taofeng Xue , Chong Peng , Donglian Qi , Fangzhen Lin , Yunfeng Yan

End-to-end autonomous driving frameworks face persistent challenges in generalization, training efficiency, and interpretability. While recent methods leverage Vision-Language Models (VLMs) through supervised learning on large-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Lin Li , Yuxin Cai , Jianwu Fang , Jianru Xue , Chen Lv

With the continuous expansion of Large Language Models (LLMs) and advances in reinforcement learning, LLMs have demonstrated exceptional reasoning capabilities, enabling them to address a wide range of complex problems. Inspired by these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hongrui Jia , Chaoya Jiang , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made great strides in everyday visual tasks, such as captioning a natural image, or answering commonsense questions about such images. But humans possess the puzzling ability to deploy their visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Cassidy Langenfeld , Claas Beger , Gloria Geng , Wasu Top Piriyakulkij , Keya Hu , Yewen Pu , Kevin Ellis

We introduce Bongard-OpenWorld, a new benchmark for evaluating real-world few-shot reasoning for machine vision. It originates from the classical Bongard Problems (BPs): Given two sets of images (positive and negative), the model needs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Rujie Wu , Xiaojian Ma , Zhenliang Zhang , Wei Wang , Qing Li , Song-Chun Zhu , Yizhou Wang

Compositional visual reasoning has emerged as a key research frontier in multimodal AI, aiming to endow machines with the human-like ability to decompose visual scenes, ground intermediate concepts, and perform multi-step logical inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Fucai Ke , Joy Hsu , Zhixi Cai , Zixian Ma , Xin Zheng , Xindi Wu , Sukai Huang , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Ranjay Krishna , Jiajun Wu , Hamid Rezatofighi

Reasoning is increasingly crucial for various tasks. While chain-of-thought prompting enables large language models to leverage reasoning effectively, harnessing the reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guande Wu , Huan Song , Yawei Wang , Qiaojing Yan , Yijun Tian , Lin Lee Cheong , Panpan Xu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual understanding in recent years. Yet, they still lag behind human capabilities in specific visual tasks such as counting or relational reasoning. To understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zihan Weng , Lucas Gomez , Taylor Whittington Webb , Pouya Bashivan

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on visual question answering benchmarks, yet often rely on spurious correlations rather than genuine causal reasoning. Existing evaluations primarily assess the correctness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Dhita Putri Pratama , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a powerful tool for integrating visual and textual information. Despite their exceptional performance on visual understanding benchmarks, measuring their ability to reason abstractly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Yiran Lawrence Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Suren Jayasuriya , Yezhou Yang

Humans have an inherent ability to learn novel concepts from only a few samples and generalize these concepts to different situations. Even though today's machine learning models excel with a plethora of training data on standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Weili Nie , Zhiding Yu , Lei Mao , Ankit B. Patel , Yuke Zhu , Animashree Anandkumar

The use of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in automated driving applications is becoming increasingly common, with the aim of leveraging their reasoning and generalisation capabilities to handle long tail scenarios. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nikos Theodoridis , Reenu Mohandas , Ganesh Sistu , Anthony Scanlan , Ciarán Eising , Tim Brophy

Understanding images and text together is an important aspect of cognition and building advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. As a community, we have achieved good benchmarks over language and vision domains separately, however…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Autonomous driving has long relied on modular "Perception-Decision-Action" pipelines, where hand-crafted interfaces and rule-based components often break down in complex or long-tailed scenarios. Their cascaded design further propagates…

Visual reasoning models (VRMs) have recently shown strong cross-modal reasoning capabilities by integrating visual perception with language reasoning. However, they often suffer from overthinking, producing unnecessarily long reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yixu Huang , Tinghui Zhu , Muhao Chen

Humans are able to accurately reason in 3D by gathering multi-view observations of the surrounding world. Inspired by this insight, we introduce a new large-scale benchmark for 3D multi-view visual question answering (3DMV-VQA). This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yining Hong , Chunru Lin , Yilun Du , Zhenfang Chen , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

Abstract visual reasoning (AVR) involves discovering shared concepts across images through analogy, akin to solving IQ test problems. Bongard Problems (BPs) remain a key challenge in AVR, requiring both visual reasoning and verbal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mikołaj Małkiński , Szymon Pawlonka , Jacek Mańdziuk

Inspired by human categorization, object property reasoning involves identifying and recognizing low-level details and higher-level abstractions. While current visual question answering (VQA) studies consider multiple object properties,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Abhishek Kolari , Mohammadhossein Khojasteh , Yifan Jiang , Floris den Hengst , Filip Ilievski