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Large Language Models (LLMs) were shown to struggle with long-term planning, which may be caused by the limited way in which they explore the space of possible solutions. We propose an architecture where a Reinforcement Learning (RL) Agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yoav Alon , Cristina David

Classical and natural language planning tasks remain a difficult domain for modern large language models (LLMs). In this work, we lay the foundations for improving planning capabilities of LLMs. First, we construct a comprehensive benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Bernd Bohnet , Azade Nova , Aaron T Parisi , Kevin Swersky , Katayoon Goshvadi , Hanjun Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Noah Fiedel , Hanie Sedghi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a wide variety of tasks. However, they still face challenges with long-horizon planning. To study this, we propose path planning tasks as a platform to evaluate LLMs'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Mohamed Aghzal , Erion Plaku , Ziyu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized many areas (e.g. natural language processing, software engineering, etc.) by achieving state-of-the-art performance on extensive downstream tasks. Aiming to achieve robust and general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Zhiming Li , Yushi Cao , Xiufeng Xu , Junzhe Jiang , Xu Liu , Yon Shin Teo , Shang-wei Lin , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable reasoning and planning capabilities. Most prior work in this area has used LLMs to reason through steps from an initial to a goal state or criterion, thereby effectively reasoning in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Allen Z. Ren , Brian Ichter , Anirudha Majumdar

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization abilities: state-of-the-art chatbots can provide plausible answers to many common questions that arise in daily life. However, so far, LLMs cannot reliably…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Bo Liu , Yuqian Jiang , Xiaohan Zhang , Qiang Liu , Shiqi Zhang , Joydeep Biswas , Peter Stone

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing, mathematical problem solving, and tasks related to program synthesis. However, their effectiveness in long-term planning and higher-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Erik Wu , Sayan Mitra

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining AI systems with human communication and everyday life. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate their emerging abilities. In this study, we show that LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi , Michal Kosinski

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved substantial progress in processing long contexts but still struggle with long-context reasoning. Existing approaches typically involve fine-tuning LLMs with synthetic data, which depends on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Zesen Cheng , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Human decision-making belongs to the foundation of our society and civilization, but we are on the verge of a future where much of it will be delegated to artificial intelligence. The arrival of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hao Li , Gengrui Zhang , Petter Holme , Shuyue Hu , Zhen Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, especially when prompted to generate intermediate reasoning steps (e.g., Chain-of-Thought, CoT). However, LLMs can still struggle with problems that are easy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Shibo Hao , Yi Gu , Haodi Ma , Joshua Jiahua Hong , Zhen Wang , Daisy Zhe Wang , Zhiting Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential to accelerate scientific discovery as valuable tools for analyzing data, generating hypotheses, and supporting innovative approaches in various scientific fields. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jin Huang , Silviu Cucerzan , Sujay Kumar Jauhar , Ryen W. White

The reasoning and planning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have been a frequent topic of discussion in recent years. Their ability to take unstructured planning problems as input has made LLMs' integration into AI planning an area…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ma'ayan Armony , Albert Meroño-Peñuela , Gerard Canal

Planning represents a fundamental capability of intelligent agents, requiring comprehensive environmental understanding, rigorous logical reasoning, and effective sequential decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Pengfei Cao , Tianyi Men , Wencan Liu , Jingwen Zhang , Xuzhao Li , Xixun Lin , Dianbo Sui , Yanan Cao , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be highly effective for solving complex reasoning tasks. Surprisingly, their capabilities can often be improved by iterating on previously generated solutions. In this context, a reasoning plan…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 MohammadHossein Bateni , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Yuzhou Gu , Silvio Lattanzi , Simon Meierhans , Christopher Mohri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been transformative. They are pre-trained foundational models that are self-supervised and can be adapted with fine tuning to a wide range of natural language tasks, each of which previously would have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Terrence Sejnowski

The pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI) has been accelerated by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which exhibit superior reasoning, generalization capabilities, and proficiency in processing multimodal inputs. A crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yi Chen , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Mingyu Ding , Bohao Li , Rui Wang , Ruifeng Xu , Ying Shan , Xihui Liu

Large language models (LLMs), a recent advance in deep learning and machine intelligence, have manifested astonishing capacities, now considered among the most promising for artificial general intelligence. With human-like capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhilun Zhou , Jing Yi Wang , Nicholas Sukiennik , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li , James Evans