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This survey and application guide to multimodal large language models(MLLMs) explores the rapidly developing field of MLLMs, examining their architectures, applications, and impact on AI and Generative Models. Starting with foundational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chia Xin Liang , Pu Tian , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Yao Yua , Wei An-Hou , Li Ming , Xinyuan Song , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have enabled new AI-powered applications that help people with visual impairments (PVI) receive natural language descriptions of their surroundings through audible text. We investigated how this emerging…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jingyi Xie , Rui Yu , He Zhang , Syed Masum Billah , Sooyeon Lee , John M. Carroll

Multimodal learning has been a field of increasing interest, aiming to combine various modalities in a single joint representation. Especially in the area of visiolinguistic (VL) learning multiple models and techniques have been developed,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou

Social Intelligence Queries (Social-IQ) serve as the primary multimodal benchmark for evaluating a model's social intelligence level. While impressive multiple-choice question(MCQ) accuracy is achieved by current solutions, increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Hao Li , Hao Fei , Zechao Hu , Zhengwei Yang , Zheng Wang

The rise of autonomous systems in cities, such as automated vehicles (AVs), requires new approaches for prototyping and evaluating how people interact with those systems through context-based user interfaces, such as external human-machine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Marius Hoggenmueller , Martin Tomitsch , Luke Hespanhol , Tram Thi Minh Tran , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

The ability to perform complex tasks from detailed instructions is a key to many remarkable achievements of our species. As humans, we are not only capable of performing a wide variety of tasks but also very complex ones that may entail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xiaoxuan Lei , Lucas Gomez , Hao Yuan Bai , Pouya Bashivan

The growing adoption of augmented and virtual reality (AR and VR) technologies in industrial training and on-the-job assistance has created new opportunities for intelligent, context-aware support systems. As workers perform complex tasks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mahya Qorbani , Kamran Paynabar , Mohsen Moghaddam

Deep learning methods have revolutionized speech recognition, image recognition, and natural language processing since 2010. Each of these tasks involves a single modality in their input signals. However, many applications in the artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Chao Zhang , Zichao Yang , Xiaodong He , Li Deng

As digital social platforms and mobile technologies are becoming more prevalent and robust, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in facilitating human communication will grow. This, in turn, will pave the way for the development of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Roxana Girju

Source attribution aims to enhance the reliability of AI-generated answers by including references for each statement, helping users validate the provided answers. However, existing work has primarily focused on text-only scenario and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Seokwon Song , Minsu Park , Gunhee Kim

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal tasks, yet they also exhibit notable social biases. These biases often manifest as unintended associations between neutral concepts and sensitive human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhengyang Ji , Yifan Jia , Shang Gao , Yutao Yue

Multi-sensor fusion plays a critical role in enhancing perception for autonomous driving, overcoming individual sensor limitations, and enabling comprehensive environmental understanding. This paper first formalizes multi-sensor fusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chuheng Wei , Ziye Qin , Ziyan Zhang , Guoyuan Wu , Matthew J. Barth

In this article, we report on the design and evaluation of an external human-machine interface (eHMI) for a real autonomous vehicle (AV), developed to operate as a shared transport pod in a pedestrianized urban space. We present insights…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Marius Hoggenmueller , Martin Tomitsch , Stewart Worrall

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is an evolving research field aimed at enabling machines to answer questions about visual content by integrating image and language processing techniques such as feature extraction, object detection, text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ngoc Dung Huynh , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Sunil Aryal , Imran Razzak , Hakim Hacid

Since the resurgence of deep learning, vision-language models (VLMs) enhanced by large language models (LLMs) have grown exponentially in popularity. However, while LLMs can utilize extensive background knowledge and task information with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Haozhe Zhao , Zefan Cai , Shuzheng Si , Xiaojian Ma , Kaikai An , Liang Chen , Zixuan Liu , Sheng Wang , Wenjuan Han , Baobao Chang

Multimodal vector search offers a new paradigm for information retrieval by exposing numerous pieces of functionality which are not possible in traditional lexical search engines. While multimodal vector search can be treated as a drop in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Owen Pendrigh Elliott , Tom Hamer , Jesse Clark

Machine learning models built on training data with multiple modalities can reveal new insights that are not accessible through unimodal datasets. For example, cardiac magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and electrocardiograms (ECGs) are both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Bum Chul Kwon , Samuel Friedman , Kai Xu , Steven A Lubitz , Anthony Philippakis , Puneet Batra , Patrick T Ellinor , Kenney Ng

Visual dialog is a challenging vision-language task in which a series of questions visually grounded by a given image are answered. To resolve the visual dialog task, a high-level understanding of various multimodal inputs (e.g., question,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Sungjin Park , Taesun Whang , Yeochan Yoon , Heuiseok Lim

Current work on multimodal machine translation (MMT) has suggested that the visual modality is either unnecessary or only marginally beneficial. We posit that this is a consequence of the very simple, short and repetitive sentences used in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Ozan Caglayan , Pranava Madhyastha , Lucia Specia , Loïc Barrault

Integrating information from multiple modalities is arguably one of the essential prerequisites for grounding artificial intelligence systems with an understanding of the real world. Recent advances in video transformers that jointly learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Dota Tianai Dong , Mariya Toneva
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