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In recent years, Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations have emerged as a promising network technology and have ushered in a new era for democratizing Internet access. The Starlink network from SpaceX stands out as the only…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Nitinder Mohan , Andrew Ferguson , Hendrik Cech , Prakita Rayyan Renatin , Rohan Bose , Mahesh Marina , Jörg Ott

In this paper, we investigate the performance of large-scale heterogeneous low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks in the context of three association schemes. In contrast to existing studies, where single-tier LEO satellite-based network…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuan Guo , Christodoulos Skouroumounis , Symeon Chatzinotas , Ioannis Krikidis

Multi orbit low earth orbit (LEO) satellites communication is envisioned as a key infrastructure to deliver global coverage, enabling future services from space air ground integrated networks.However, the optimized design of LEO which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yingzhuo Sun , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , Zhu Han , Octavia A. Dobre

The rapid growth of space-based services has established LEO satellite networks as a promising option for global broadband connectivity. Next-generation LEO networks leverage inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide faster and more reliable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wanja de Sombre , Arash Asadi , Debopam Bhattacherjee , Deepak Vasisht , Andrea Ortiz

Deterministic routing has emerged as a promising technology for future non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), offering the potential to enhance service performance and optimize resource utilization. However, the dynamic nature of network topology…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Keyi Shi , Jingchao Wang , Hongyan Li , Kan Wang

Terrestrial network limitations drive the integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), notably mega-constellations comprising thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. While these satellites act as interconnected network switches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sivaram Krishnan , Bassel Al Homssi , Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Sung-Min Oh , Jinho Choi

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations aim to enable high-speed Internet for numerous users anywhere on Earth. To safeguard their network infrastructure in congested outer space, they perform automatic orbital maneuvers to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yimei Chen , Yuanjie Li , Hewu Li , Lixin Liu , Li Ouyang , Jiabo Yang , Junyi Li , Jianping Wu , Qian Wu , Jun Liu , Zeqi Lai

This paper presents a star-of-star topology for internet-of-things (IoT) networks using mega low-Earth-orbit constellations. The proposed topology enables IoT users to broadcast their sensed data to multiple satellites simultaneously over a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Ayush Kumar Dwivedi , Sachin Chaudhari , Neeraj Varshney , Pramod K. Varshney

Large low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks such as SpaceX's Starlink constellation promise to deliver low-latency, high-bandwidth Internet access with global coverage. As an alternative to terrestrial fiber as a global Internet…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations combine great flexibility and global coverage with short propagation delays when compared to satellites deployed in higher orbits. However, the fast movement of the individual satellites makes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Jonas W. Rabjerg , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

The low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite network with mega-constellations can provide global coverage while supporting the high-data rates. The coverage performance of such a network is highly dependent on orbit geometry parameters, including…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Junse Lee , Song Noh , Sooyeob Jeong , Namyoon Lee

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites utilizing beam hopping (BH) technology offer extensive coverage, low latency, high bandwidth, and significant flexibility. However, the uneven geographical distribution and temporal variability of ground…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Ruili Zhao , Jun Cai , Jiangtao Luo , Junpeng Gao , Yongyi Ran

In recent years, the number of satellites in orbit has increased rapidly, with megaconstellations like Starlink providing near-global, delay-sensitive communication services. However, not all satellite communication use cases have stringent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ethan Fettes , Pablo G. Madoery , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Abhishek Naik , Stéphane Martel

Recently advanced low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks represented by large constellations and advanced payloads provide great promises for enabling high-quality Internet connectivity to any place on Earth. However, the traditional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Peng Hu

In recent years, LEO satellite constellations have become envisioned as a core component of the next-generation wireless communication networks. The successive establishment of mega satellite constellations has triggered further demands for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Future satellite networks are expected to have thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites orbiting Earth at very high speeds. User equipment (UE) communicating directly with LEO satellites will experience frequent handovers. Managing the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Mohamed Hozayen , Tasneem Darwish , Gunes Karabulut , Halim Yanikomeroglu

With the rapid advancement of aerospace technology and the large-scale deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, the challenges facing astronomical observations and deep space exploration have become increasingly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Zhixin Guo , Qi Shi , Xiaofan Xu , Sixiang Shan , Limin Qin , Linqiang Ge , Rui Zhang , Ya Dai , Hua Zhu , Guowei Jiang

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation-enabled communication networks are expected to be an important part of many Internet of Things (IoT) deployments due to their unique advantage of providing seamless global coverage. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Keke Ying , Zhen Gao , Sheng Chen , Mingyu Zhou , Dezhi Zheng , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , H. Vincent Poor

The rapid advancement of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems has significantly enhanced global connectivity, offering high-capacity, low-latency services crucial for next-generation applications. However, the dense…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Qianqian Zhang , Ye Hu , Minchae Jung

In this paper, we propose a spatial-temporal learning-based distributed routing framework for dynamic Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, where graph attention networks (GAT) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are integrated within a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Po-Heng Chou , Chiapin Wang , Shou-Yu Chen , Hsiang-Ming Wang