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Related papers: Higher-Order Ambiguity Attitudes

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Positional bias in binary question answering occurs when a model systematically favors one choice over another based solely on the ordering of presented options. In this study, we quantify and analyze positional bias across five large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Tiziano Labruna , Simone Gallo , Giovanni Da San Martino

We study robust notions of good-deal hedging and valuation under combined uncertainty about the drifts and volatilities of asset prices. Good-deal bounds are determined by a subset of risk-neutral pricing measures such that not only…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-04-11 Dirk Becherer , Klebert Kentia

In this paper we study a rational inattention model in environments where the decision maker faces uncertainty about the true prior distribution over states. The decision maker seeks to select a stochastic choice rule over a finite set of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-05-08 Emerson Melo

We use decision theory to confront uncertainty that is sufficiently broad to incorporate "models as approximations." We presume the existence of a featured collection of what we call "structured models" that have explicit substantive…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-08-22 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Lars Peter Hansen , Fabio Maccheroni , Massimo Marinacci

We establish an equivalence between two seemingly different theories: one is the traditional axiomatisation of incomplete preferences on horse lotteries based on the mixture independence axiom; the other is the theory of desirable gambles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Marco Zaffalon , Enrique Miranda

In distributionally robust optimization the probability distribution of the uncertain problem parameters is itself uncertain, and a fictitious adversary, e.g., nature, chooses the worst distribution from within a known ambiguity set. A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-10 Etienne de Klerk , Daniel Kuhn , Krzysztof Postek

We study the ability of language models to reason about appropriate information disclosure - a central aspect of the evolving field of agentic privacy. Whereas previous works have focused on evaluating a model's ability to align with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Ren Yi , Octavian Suciu , Adria Gascon , Sarah Meiklejohn , Eugene Bagdasarian , Marco Gruteser

We examine a problem of demand for insurance indemnification, when the insured is sensitive to ambiguity and behaves according to the Maxmin-Expected Utility model of Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989), whereas the insurer is a (risk-averse or…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-10-16 Corina Birghila , Tim J. Boonen , Mario Ghossoub

User queries are often underspecified and may admit multiple valid interpretations. Rather than silently making assumptions about the user's intent, a helpful assistant should surface such ambiguity by asking a clarifying question. Doing so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinyan Su , Claire Cardie

Standard models of multi-agent modal logic do not capture the fact that information is often ambiguous, and may be interpreted in different ways by different agents. We propose a framework that can model this, and consider different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-03-06 Joseph Y. Halpern , Willemien Kets

This paper studies preference aggregation under risk. In our model, each agent has an incomplete preference relation represented by a set of expected utility functions. The classical Pareto principle is silent on agreement involving…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-06 Leo Kurata , Kensei Nakamura

We propose a game-theoretic framework that incorporates both incomplete information and general ambiguity attitudes on factors external to all players. Our starting point is players' preferences on payoff-distribution vectors, essentially…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2017-04-04 Jian Yang

The earth system is exceedingly complex and often chaotic in nature, making prediction incredibly challenging: we cannot expect to make perfect predictions all of the time. Instead, we look for specific states of the system that lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Elizabeth A. Barnes , Randal J. Barnes

This paper investigates the equilibrium portfolio selection for smooth ambiguity preferences in a continuous-time market. The investor is uncertain about the risky asset's drift term and updates the subjective belief according to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-17 Guohui Guan , Zongxia Liang , Jianming Xia

Individuals use models to guide decisions, but many models are wrong. This paper studies which misspecified models are likely to persist when individuals also entertain alternative models. Consider an agent who uses her model to learn the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-08-22 Cuimin Ba

Utility preference robust optimization (PRO) has recently been proposed to deal with optimal decision making problems where the decision maker's (DM) preference over gains and losses is ambiguous. In this paper, we take a step further to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Jian Hu , Dali Zhang , Huifu Xu , Sainan Zhang

Classification with abstention has gained a lot of attention in recent years as it allows to incorporate human decision-makers in the process. Yet, abstention can potentially amplify disparities and lead to discriminatory predictions. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-25 Nicolas Schreuder , Evgenii Chzhen

We study the pricing and hedging of derivative securities with uncertainty about the volatility of the underlying asset. Rather than taking all models from a prespecified class equally seriously, we penalise less plausible ones based on…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-05-23 Sebastian Herrmann , Johannes Muhle-Karbe , Frank Thomas Seifried

Ambiguity is inherently present in many machine learning tasks, but especially for sequential models seldom accounted for, as most only output a single prediction. In this work we propose an extension of the Multiple Hypothesis Prediction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-24 Alessandro Berlati , Oliver Scheel , Luigi Di Stefano , Federico Tombari

I consider decision-making constrained by considerations of morality, rationality, or other virtues. The decision maker (DM) has a true preference over outcomes, but feels compelled to choose among outcomes that are top-ranked by some…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-17 Sarah Ridout