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An algorithm is presented for approximating a single-user channel with a prime input alphabet size. The result is an upgraded version of the channel with a reduced output alphabet size. It is shown that this algorithm can be used to reduce…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-06 Arash Ghayoori , T. Aaron Gulliver

Polar codes introduced by Arikan in 2009 are the first code family achieving the capacity of binary-input discrete memoryless channels (BIDMCs) with low-complexity encoding and decoding. Identifying unreliable synthetic channels in polar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yadong Jiao , Xiaoyan Cheng , Yuansheng Tang , Ming Xu

We prove two results on the universality of polar codes for source coding and channel communication. First, we show that for any polar code built for a source $P_{X,Z}$ there exists a slightly modified polar code - having the same rate, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-22 David Sutter , Joseph M. Renes

Non-binary low-density parity-check codes are robust to various channel impairments. However, based on the existing decoding algorithms, the decoder implementations are expensive because of their excessive computational complexity and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Chung-Li Wang , Xiaoheng Chen , Zongwang Li , Shaohua Yang

Channel polarization is a method of constructing capacity achieving codes for symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels (B-DMCs) [1]. In the original paper, the construction complexity is exponential in the blocklength. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-23 Ryuhei Mori , Toshiyuki Tanaka

Recently, Ar{\i}kan introduced the method of channel polarization on which one can construct efficient capacity-achieving codes, called polar codes, for any binary discrete memoryless channel. In the thesis, we show that decoding algorithm…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-02-19 Ryuhei Mori

A reduced complexity sequential decoding algorithm for polar (sub)codes is described. The proposed approach relies on a decomposition of the polar (sub)code being decoded into a number of outer codes, and on-demand construction of codewords…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Grigorii Trofimiuk , Nikolay Iakuba , Stanislav Rets , Kirill Ivanov , Peter Trifonov

Holevo, Schumacher, and Westmoreland's coding theorem guarantees the existence of codes that are capacity-achieving for the task of sending classical data over a channel with classical inputs and quantum outputs. Although they demonstrated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-21 Mark M. Wilde , Saikat Guha

Let $W$ be a binary-input memoryless symmetric (BMS) channel with Shannon capacity $I(W)$ and fix any $\alpha > 0$. We construct, for any sufficiently small $\delta > 0$, binary linear codes of block length $O(1/\delta^{2+\alpha})$ and rate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Venkatesan Guruswami , Andrii Riazanov , Min Ye

In this paper, we study polar codes from a practical point of view. In particular, we study concatenated polar codes and rate-compatible polar codes. First, we propose a concatenation scheme including polar codes and Low-Density…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-07-28 Ali Eslami , Hossein Pishro-Nik

In this work, we address the low-complexity construction of shortened and punctured polar codes from a unified view. While several independent puncturing and shortening designs were attempted in the literature, our goal is a unique,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-24 Valerio Bioglio , Frederic Gabry , Ingmar Land

The definition of polar codes given by Arikan is explicit, but the construction complexity is an issue. This is due to the exponential growth in the size of the output alphabet of the bit-channels as the codeword length increases. Tal and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-29 Arash Ghayoori , T. Aaron Gulliver

In this paper, polar codes for the $m$-user multiple access channel (MAC) with binary inputs are constructed. It is shown that Ar{\i}kan's polarization technique applied individually to each user transforms independent uses of a $m$-user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-10 Emmanuel Abbe , Emre Telatar

This paper presents a polarization-driven (PD) shortening technique for the design of rate-compatible polar codes. The proposed shortening strategy consists of reducing the generator matrix by relating its row index with the channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-02 R. M. Oliveira , R. C. de Lamare

In 2008 Arikan proposed polar coding [arXiv:0807.3917] which we summarize as follows: (a) From the root channel $W$ synthesize recursively a series of channels $W_N^{(1)},\dotsc,W_N^{(N)}$. (b) Select sophisticatedly a subset $A$ of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Hsin-Po Wang , Iwan Duursma

The successive cancellation list decoder (SCL) is an efficient decoder for classical polar codes with low decoding error, approximating the maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for small list sizes. Here we adapt the SCL to the task of decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

Polar codes with memory (PCM) are proposed in this paper: a pair of consecutive code blocks containing a controlled number of mutual information bits. The shared mutual information bits of the succeeded block can help the failed block to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Wenyue Zhou , Qiang Liu , Yifei Shen , Xiaofeng Zhou , Chuan Zhang , Yaohua Xu , Liping Li

In this paper, we investigate the fundamentals of puncturing and shortening for polar codes, based on binary domination which plays a key role in polar code construction. We first prove that the orders of encoder input bits to be made…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Min Jang , Seok-Ki Ahn , Hongsil Jeong , Kyung-Joong Kim , Seho Myung , Sang-Hyo Kim , Kyeongcheol Yang

An efficient implementation of min-sum SC/list decoding of convolutional polar codes is proposed. The complexity of the proposed implementation of SC decoding is more than two times smaller than the straightforward implementation. Moreover,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Ruslan Morozov

For the polar codes introduced by Arikan in 2009, the first code family achieving the capacity of binary-input discrete memoryless channels (BIDMCs) with low-complexity encoding and decoding, it is crucial to evaluate the reliability of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yadong Jiao , Xiaoyan Cheng , Yuansheng Tang , Ming Xu
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