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Two geometric spaces are in the same topological class if they are related by certain geometric deformations. We propose machine learning methods that automate learning of topological invariance and apply it in the context of knot theory,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-18 James Halverson , Fabian Ruehle

Predicting the 3D structure of a macromolecule, such as a protein or an RNA molecule, is ranked top among the most difficult and attractive problems in bioinformatics and computational biology. Its importance comes from the relationship…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-12-14 Zhiyong Wang

We explore the possibility of applying the framework of frequent pattern mining to a class of continuous objects appearing in nature, namely knots. We introduce the frequent knot mining problem and present a solution. The key observation is…

Databases · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Floris Geerts

It is a major unsolved problem as to whether unknot recognition - that is, testing whether a given closed loop in R^3 can be untangled to form a plain circle - has a polynomial time algorithm. In practice, trivial knots (which can be…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-13 Benjamin A. Burton , Melih Ozlen

The backbone of most proteins forms an open curve. To study their entanglement, a common strategy consists in searching for the presence of knots in their backbones using topological invariants. However, this approach requires to close the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-06-06 Julien Dorier , Dimos Goundaroulis , Fabrizio Benedetti , Andrzej Stasiak

We analyze the connections between the mathematical theory of knots and quantum physics by addressing a number of algorithmic questions related to both knots and braid groups. Knots can be distinguished by means of `knot invariants', among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 S. Garnerone , A. Marzuoli , M. Rasetti

Tensor Networks (TN) offer a powerful framework to efficiently represent very high-dimensional objects. TN have recently shown their potential for machine learning applications and offer a unifying view of common tensor decomposition models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Meraj Hashemizadeh , Michelle Liu , Jacob Miller , Guillaume Rabusseau

Accurate molecular force fields are of paramount importance for the efficient implementation of molecular dynamics techniques at large scales. In the last decade, machine learning methods have demonstrated impressive performances in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-22 Oriel Kiss , Francesco Tacchino , Sofia Vallecorsa , Ivano Tavernelli

We introduce Natural Learning (NL), a novel algorithm that elevates the explainability and interpretability of machine learning to an extreme level. NL simplifies decisions into intuitive rules, like "We rejected your loan because your…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Hadi Fanaee-T

The art of tying knots is exploited in nature and occurs in multiple applications ranging from being an essential part of scouting programs to engineering molecular knots. Biomolecular knots, such as knotted proteins, bear various cellular…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Anatoly Golovnev , Alireza Mashaghi

Diffusion generative models have emerged as a powerful framework for addressing problems in structural biology and structure-based drug design. These models operate directly on 3D molecular structures. Due to the unfavorable scaling of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-10 Ian Dunn , David Ryan Koes

Recent studies classify the topology of proteins by analysing the distribution of their projections using knotoids. The approximation of this distribution depends on the number of projection directions that are sampled. Here we investigate…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-02-19 Agnese Barbensi , Dimos Goundaroulis

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has gained state-of-the-art results in many pattern recognition and computer vision tasks. However, most of the CNN structures are manually designed by experienced researchers. Therefore, auto- matically…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Guoqiang Zhong , Tao Li , Wenxue Liu , Yang Chen

The computer artificial intelligence system AlphaFold has recently predicted previously unknown three-dimensional structures of thousands of proteins. Focusing on the subset with high-confidence scores, we algorithmically analyze these…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-18 Maarten A. Brems , Robert Runkel , Todd O. Yeates , Peter Virnau

Neural networks (NNs) struggle to efficiently solve certain problems, such as learning parities, even when there are simple learning algorithms for those problems. Can NNs discover learning algorithms on their own? We exhibit a NN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Surbhi Goel , Sham Kakade , Adam Tauman Kalai , Cyril Zhang

To improve the efficiency and reduce the labour cost of the renovation process, this study presents a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based architecture to extract crack-like features, such as cracks and joints. Moreover,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-25 Jiesheng Yang , Fangzheng Lin , Yusheng Xiang , Peter Katranuschkov , Raimar J. Scherer

Understanding and predicting the emergence of novel materials is a fundamental challenge in condensed matter physics, materials science and technology. With the rapid growth of materials databases in both size and reliability, the challenge…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-02-14 Jacopo Moi , Davide Spallarossa , Stefano Bonetti , Raffaella Burioni , Guido Caldarelli

Knowledge tracing---where a machine models the knowledge of a student as they interact with coursework---is a well established problem in computer supported education. Though effectively modeling student knowledge would have high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Chris Piech , Jonathan Spencer , Jonathan Huang , Surya Ganguli , Mehran Sahami , Leonidas Guibas , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have proved to be suitable in tasks on unstructured data. Particularly in tasks as community detection, node classification, and link prediction. However, most GNN models still operate with static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Darwin Saire Pilco , Adín Ramírez Rivera

Form a pure mathematical point of view, common functional forms representing different physical phenomena can be defined. For example, rates of chemical reactions, diffusion and heat transfer are all governed by exponential-type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Navid Zobeiry , Keith D. Humfeld