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The effects of thermal fluctuations on the morphology of two-dimensional materials are hard to harness. We propose that a geometrically constrained graphene nanoribbon (GNR) can exhibit thermally activated snap-through transitions with a…
In recent years, our understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) prompt emission has been revolutionized, due to a combination of new instruments, new analysis methods and novel ideas. In this review, I describe the most recent observational…
The effect of a sharp front separating the quark-gluon plasma phase from the hadronic phase is investigated. Energy-momentum conservation and baryon number conservation constrain the possible temperature jump across the front. If one…
The theory of cold, relativistic, magnetohydrodynamic outflows is generalized by the inclusion of an intense radiation source. In some contexts, such the breakout of a gamma-ray burst jet from a star, the outflow is heated to a high…
The pressure-induced structural transition from graphite to diamond is investigated by semi-empirical molecular dynamics simulation. The result shows that the graphite-diamond transition is a cooperative process with large fluctuation. We…
We report indications of a phase transition in carbonaceous MgB2 above 9 GPa at 300 K after stress relaxation by laser heating. The transition was detected using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The observed changes are consistent…
Relativistic hadronic plasmas can become under certain conditions supercritical, abruptly and efficiently releasing the energy stored in protons through photon outbursts. Past studies have tried to relate the features of such hadronic…
Recent precision measurements of the flux of cosmic ray positrons by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer show that the spectrum has a marked softening feature for energies close to one TeV. A possible interpretation of this result is that the…
The conductivity of graphene on a boron nitride substrate exhibits features in the terahertz (THz) and infrared (IR) frequency regimes that are associated with the periodic moir\'e pattern formed by the weakly coupled two-dimensional…
We present an experimental observation of non-linear up- and down-converted optical luminescence of graphene and thin graphite subject to picosecond infrared laser pulses. We show that the excitation yields to a high density electron-hole…
The possibility of realization of a superfluid state of bound electron-hole pairs (magnetoexcitons) with spatially separated components in a graphene double layer structure (two graphene layers separated by a dielectric layer) subjected by…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft gamma-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the…
When a charged particle penetrates through an optical interface, photon emissions emerge - a phenomenon known as transition radiation. Being paramount to fundamental physics, transition radiation has enabled many applications from…
Recently, atomically well-defined cove-shaped graphene nanoribbons have been obtained using bottom-up synthesis. These nanoribbons have an optical gap in the visible range of the spectrum which make them candidates for donor materials in…
We demonstrate that use of the field effect to tune the effective optical parameters of a layered hyperbolic metamaterial leads to topological transitions in its dispersion characteristics in the optical regime. Field effect gating…
We present self consistent calculations of Synchrotron self Compton (SSC) radiation that takes place within the afterglow blast wave and External inverse Compton (EIC) radiation that takes place when flare photons (produced by an internal…
We suggest that physics underlying the recently observed removal of sublattice and spin degeneracies in graphene in a strong magnetic field describes a phase transition connected with the generation of an excitonic gap. The experimental…
The high energy emission from Gamma-ray Bursts has some interesting features, including the absence of the GeV excess in the prompt spectrum, the delayed onset of the GeV emission, and the longer duration of the GeV emission than the prompt…
Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are characterized by a brief gamma-ray flash followed by a longer-lasting multiwavelength afterglow. The basic mechanism is largely understood, and the early afterglow evolution often shows complex features that…
Electron irradiation is essential for materials characterization and modification, though the fundamental interactions between incident electrons and host materials remain under investigation. Here, we employ first-principles simulations to…