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Researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate causal heterogeneity in randomized experiments. Despite their promise, ML algorithms may fail to accurately ascertain heterogeneous treatment effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Kosuke Imai , Michael Lingzhi Li

We analyze the effect of tumor repopulation on optimal dose delivery in radiation therapy. We are primarily motivated by accelerated tumor repopulation towards the end of radiation treatment, which is believed to play a role in treatment…

Medical Physics · Physics 2015-04-28 Thomas Bortfeld , Jagdish Ramakrishnan , John N. Tsitsiklis , Jan Unkelbach

Cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health and leading to the deaths of a large number of people. It was observed during the drug administration in chemotherapy that immune cells, cancer…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-20 SeyedMehdi Abtahi , Mojtaba Sharifi

Most statistical tests for treatment effects used in randomized clinical trials with survival outcomes are based on the proportional hazards assumption, which often fails in practice. Data from early exploratory studies may provide evidence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-28 Andrea Arfé , Brian Alexander , Lorenzo Trippa

An endogenous molecular-cellular network for both normal and abnormal functions is assumed to exist. This endogenous network forms a nonlinear stochastic dynamical system, with many stable attractors in its functional landscape. Normal or…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2007-09-06 P. Ao , D. Galas , L. Hood , X. -M. Zhu

A fundamental question in biology is how cell populations evolve into different subtypes based on homogeneous processes at the single cell level. Here we show that population bimodality can emerge even when biological processes are…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-01 Jorge Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz , Roberto Mulet , Alexei Vazquez

In this paper, we describe a dataset relating to cellular and physical conditions of patients who are operated upon to remove colorectal tumours. This data provides a unique insight into immunological status at the point of tumour removal,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Chris Roadknight , Uwe Aickelin , John Scholefield , Lindy Durrant

There is a widening recognition that cancer cells are products of complex developmental processes. Carcinogenesis and metastasis formation are increasingly described as systems-level, network phenomena. Here we propose that malignant…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2013-09-18 David M. Gyurko , Daniel V. Veres , Dezso Modos , Katalin Lenti , Tamas Korcsmaros , Peter Csermely

The average treatment effect (ATE) is popularly used to assess the treatment effect. However, the ATE implicitly assumes a homogenous treatment effect even amongst individuals with different characteristics. In this paper, we mainly focus…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-10 Yunjian Yin , Lan Liu , Zhi Geng

In panel experiments, we randomly assign units to different interventions, measuring their outcomes, and repeating the procedure in several periods. Using the potential outcomes framework, we define finite population dynamic causal effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-28 Iavor Bojinov , Ashesh Rambachan , Neil Shephard

Establishing a quantitative connection between the population growth rate and the generation times of single cells is a prerequisite for understanding evolutionary dynamics of microbes. However, existing theories fail to account for the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-19 Jie Lin , Ariel Amir

The treatment allocation mechanism in a randomized clinical trial can be optimized by maximizing the nonparametric efficiency bound for a specific measure of treatment effect. Optimal treatment allocations which may or may not depend on…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-23 Wei Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Aiyi Liu

Individualized treatment decisions can improve health outcomes, but using data to make these decisions in a reliable, precise, and generalizable way is challenging with a single dataset. Leveraging multiple randomized controlled trials…

Although optimal control theory has been used for the theoretical study of anti-cancerous drugs scheduling optimization, with the aim of reducing the primary tumor volume, the effect on metastases is often ignored. Here, we use a previously…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2013-06-21 Sebastien Benzekry , Philip Hahnfeldt

We present a novel mathematical model of heterogeneous cell proliferation where the total population consists of a subpopulation of slow-proliferating cells and a subpopulation of fast-proliferating cells. The model incorporates two…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-04 Sean T. Vittadello , Scott W. McCue , Gency Gunasingh , Nikolas K. Haass , Matthew J. Simpson

In this paper we consider an optimal control problem arising from a chemotherapeutic drug treatment for tumor cells in a living tissue. The mathematical model for the interaction of chemotherapeutic drug and the normal, tumor and immune…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Hong-Ming Yin

In this paper we study the problems of estimating heterogeneity in causal effects in experimental or observational studies and conducting inference about the magnitude of the differences in treatment effects across subsets of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

Despite recent advances in the field of Oncoimmunology, the success potential of immunomodulatory therapies against cancer remains to be elucidated. One of the reasons is the lack of understanding on the complex interplay between tumor…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-07-24 A. I. Reppas , J. C. L. Alfonso , H. Hatzikirou

It is possible to find the optimized radiation dose per session for a radiotherapy (RT) treatment, using a population dynamics model. This has already been done in a previous work for a protocol with 30 sessions and a fixed dose per…

The rate at which individual bacterial cells grow depends on the concentrations of cellular components such as ribosomes and proteins. These concentrations continuously fluctuate over time and are inherited from mother to daughter cells,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-21 Yaïr Hein , Farshid Jafarpour