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Graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains a major challenge in graph learning since graph neural networks (GNNs) often suffer from severe performance degradation under distribution shifts. Invariant learning, aiming to extract…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Wenyu Mao , Jiancan Wu , Haoyang Liu , Yongduo Sui , Xiang Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has emerged as a critical challenge in graph learning, as real-world graph data often exhibit diverse and shifting environments that traditional models fail to generalize across. A promising solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xu Shen , Yixin Liu , Yili Wang , Rui Miao , Yiwei Dai , Shirui Pan , Yi Chang , Xin Wang

Despite recent success in using the invariance principle for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on Euclidean data (e.g., images), studies on graph data are still limited. Different from images, the complex nature of graphs poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yongqiang Chen , Yonggang Zhang , Yatao Bian , Han Yang , Kaili Ma , Binghui Xie , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , James Cheng

Although dynamic graph neural networks (DyGNNs) have demonstrated promising capabilities, most existing methods ignore out-of-distribution (OOD) shifts that commonly exist in dynamic graphs. Dynamic graph OOD generalization is non-trivial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinxun Zhang , Pengfei Jiao , Mengzhou Gao , Tianpeng Li , Xuan Guo

Graph neural networks have shown remarkable success in exploiting the spatial and temporal patterns on dynamic graphs. However, existing GNNs exhibit poor generalization ability under distribution shifts, which is inevitable in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qingyun Sun , Jiayi Luo , Haonan Yuan , Xingcheng Fu , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li , Philip S. Yu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to perform well in graph representation learning, but always lacking in generalization capability when tackling out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Graph invariant learning methods, backed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Tianrui Jia , Haoyang Li , Cheng Yang , Tao Tao , Chuan Shi

Graph neural networks (GNNs) demonstrate outstanding performance in a broad range of applications. While the majority of GNN applications assume that a graph structure is given, some recent methods substantially expanded the applicability…

Traditional machine learning methods heavily rely on the independent and identically distribution assumption, which imposes limitations when the test distribution deviates from the training distribution. To address this crucial issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Qin Tian , Wenjun Wang , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Wang Zhang , Dong Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are proposed without considering the agnostic distribution shifts between training and testing graphs, inducing the degeneration of the generalization ability of GNNs on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) settings. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shaohua Fan , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi , Peng Cui , Bai Wang

Due to the performance degradation of graph neural networks (GNNs) under distribution shifts, the work on out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on graphs has received widespread attention. A novel perspective involves distinguishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoran Yang , Xiaobing Pei , Kai Yuan

Dynamic graph neural networks (DGNNs) are increasingly pervasive in exploiting spatio-temporal patterns on dynamic graphs. However, existing works fail to generalize under distribution shifts, which are common in real-world scenarios. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Haonan Yuan , Qingyun Sun , Xingcheng Fu , Ziwei Zhang , Cheng Ji , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li

Graph-based social recommendation systems have shown significant promise in enhancing recommendation performance, particularly in addressing the issue of data sparsity in user behaviors. Typically, these systems leverage Graph Neural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yonghui Yang , Le Wu , Yuxin Liao , Zhuangzhuang He , Pengyang Shao , Richang Hong , Meng Wang

Learning on molecule graphs has become an increasingly important topic in AI for science, which takes full advantage of AI to facilitate scientific discovery. Existing solutions on modeling molecules utilize Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Limin Li , Kuo Yang , Wenjie Du , Pengkun Wang , Zhengyang Zhou , Yang Wang

Graph learning has emerged as a promising technique for multi-view clustering with its ability to learn a unified and robust graph from multiple views. However, existing graph learning methods mostly focus on the multi-view consistency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Youwei Liang , Dong Huang , Chang-Dong Wang , Philip S. Yu

Deep neural networks have enabled researchers to create powerful generalized frameworks, such as transformers, that can be used to solve well-studied problems in various application domains, such as text and image. However, such generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Rudrajit Dawn , Madhusudan Ghosh , Partha Basuchowdhuri , Sudip Kumar Naskar

To deal with distribution shifts in graph data, various graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization techniques have been recently proposed. These methods often employ a two-step strategy that first creates augmented environments and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Song Wang , Xiaodong Yang , Rashidul Islam , Huiyuan Chen , Minghua Xu , Jundong Li , Yiwei Cai

Recent studies have highlighted fairness issues in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), where they produce discriminatory predictions against specific protected groups categorized by sensitive attributes such as race and age. While various efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuchang Zhu , Jintang Li , Yatao Bian , Zibin Zheng , Liang Chen

To build safe and reliable graph machine learning systems, unsupervised graph-level anomaly detection (GLAD) and unsupervised graph-level out-of-distribution (OOD) detection (GLOD) have received significant attention in recent years. Though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Yili Wang , Yixin Liu , Xu Shen , Chenyu Li , Kaize Ding , Rui Miao , Ying Wang , Shirui Pan , Xin Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation with distribution shifts. The challenge is that distribution shifts on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Qitian Wu , Fan Nie , Chenxiao Yang , Tianyi Bao , Junchi Yan

Heterophilic Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have shown promising results for semi-supervised learning tasks on graphs. Notably, most real-world heterophilic graphs are composed of a mixture of nodes with different neighbor patterns,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jinluan Yang , Zhengyu Chen , Teng Xiao , Wenqiao Zhang , Yong Lin , Kun Kuang
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