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This paper presents a framework to tackle constrained combinatorial optimization problems using deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, we extend the Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) theory in order to deal with constraints in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ruben Solozabal , Josu Ceberio , Martin Takáč

In many real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), performing actions requires consuming certain types of resources that are non-replenishable in each episode. Typical applications include robotic control with limited energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Zhihai Wang , Taoxing Pan , Qi Zhou , Jie Wang

Merely pursuing performance may adversely affect the safety, while a conservative policy for safe exploration will degrade the performance. How to balance the safety and performance in learning-based control problems is an interesting yet…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-28 Xinyang Wang , Hongwei Zhang , Shimin Wang , Wei Xiao , Martin Guay

The applicability of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in real-world domains often requires adherence to safety constraints, a need difficult to address given the asymptotic nature of the classic RL optimization objective. In contrast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Moritz A. Zanger , Karam Daaboul , J. Marius Zöllner

Benders decomposition (BD), along with its generalized version (GBD), is a widely used algorithm for solving large-scale mixed-integer optimization problems that arise in the operation of process systems. However, the off-the-shelf…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Zhe Li , Bernard T. Agyeman , Ilias Mitrai , Prodromos Daoutidis

We introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) based adaptive optimization algorithm for aerodynamic shape optimization focused on dimensionality reduction. The form in which RL is applied here is that of a surrogate-based, actor-critic policy…

Reward models have been increasingly critical for improving the reasoning capability of LLMs. Existing research has shown that a well-trained reward model can substantially improve model performances at inference time via search. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Jiaxuan Gao , Shusheng Xu , Wenjie Ye , Weilin Liu , Chuyi He , Wei Fu , Zhiyu Mei , Guangju Wang , Yi Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents have great successes in solving tasks with large observation and action spaces from limited feedback. Still, training the agents is data-intensive and there are no guarantees that the learned behavior is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Helge Spieker

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle in sparse-reward environments where traditional exploration strategies fail to discover effective action sequences. Large Language Models (LLMs) possess procedural knowledge and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Vaibhav Jain , Gerrit Grossmann

Existing studies on constrained reinforcement learning (RL) may obtain a well-performing policy in the training environment. However, when deployed in a real environment, it may easily violate constraints that were originally satisfied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Zhongchang Sun , Sihong He , Fei Miao , Shaofeng Zou

This paper investigates search in model-based reinforcement learning (RL). Conventional wisdom holds that long-term predictions and compounding errors are the primary obstacles for model-based RL. We challenge this view, showing that search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Wei-Di Chang , Mikael Henaff , Brandon Amos , Gregory Dudek , Scott Fujimoto

We study constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) from a novel perspective by setting constraints directly on state density functions, rather than the value functions considered by previous works. State density has a clear physical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Zengyi Qin , Yuxiao Chen , Chuchu Fan

Combinatorial optimisation problems framed as mixed integer linear programmes (MILPs) are ubiquitous across a range of real-world applications. The canonical branch-and-bound algorithm seeks to exactly solve MILPs by constructing a search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Christopher W. F. Parsonson , Alexandre Laterre , Thomas D. Barrett

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be well-performed and general-purpose in the inventory control (IC). However, further improvement of RL algorithms in the IC domain is impeded due to two limitations of online experience. First,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zifan Liu , Xinran Li , Shibo Chen , Gen Li , Jiashuo Jiang , Jun Zhang

Reasoning-augmented search agents, such as Search-R1, are trained to reason, search, and generate the final answer iteratively. Nevertheless, due to their limited capabilities in reasoning and search, their performance on multi-hop QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shu Zhao , Tan Yu , Anbang Xu

Reinforcement learning is applied to the development of control strategies in order to reduce skin friction drag in a fully developed turbulent channel flow at a low Reynolds number. Motivated by the so-called opposition control (Choi et…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-04-26 Takahiro Sonoda , Zhuchen Liu , Toshitaka Itoh , Yosuke Hasegawa

Vision-Language-Action models (VLA) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities and promising potential in solving complex robotic manipulation tasks. However, their substantial parameter sizes and high inference latency pose significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yuxuan Chen , Xiao Li

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) framework for controlling particle accelerator experiments that builds explainable physics-based constraints on agent behavior. The goal is to increase transparency and trust by letting users verify…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Jonathan Colen , Malachi Schram , Kishansingh Rajput , Armen Kasparian

Process optimization for metal additive manufacturing (AM) is crucial to ensure repeatability, control microstructure, and minimize defects. Despite efforts to address this via the traditional design of experiments and statistical process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Susheel Dharmadhikari , Nandana Menon , Amrita Basak