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Scaling the number of parameters and the size of training data has proven to be an effective strategy for improving large language model (LLM) performance. Yet, as these models grow increasingly powerful and widely deployed, the cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Song Bian , Tao Yu , Shivaram Venkataraman , Youngsuk Park

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow dramatically in size, there is an increasing trend in compressing and speeding up these models. Previous studies have highlighted the usefulness of gradients for importance scoring in neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Hongrong Cheng , Miao Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Traditional scaling laws in natural language processing suggest that increasing model size and training data enhances performance. However, recent studies reveal deviations, particularly in large language models, where performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhengyu Chen , Siqi Wang , Teng Xiao , Yudong Wang , Shiqi Chen , Xunliang Cai , Junxian He , Jingang Wang

LLM-based recommender systems have made significant progress; however, the deployment cost associated with the large parameter volume of LLMs still hinders their real-world applications. This work explores parameter pruning to improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shanle Zheng , Keqin Bao , Jizhi Zhang , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Recent research has shown that pruning large-scale language models for inference is an effective approach to improving model efficiency, significantly reducing model weights with minimal impact on performance. Interestingly, pruning can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yiran Luo , Het Patel , Yu Fu , Dawon Ahn , Jia Chen , Yue Dong , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Training data plays a crucial role in Large Language Models (LLM) scaling, yet high quality data is of limited supply. Synthetic data techniques offer a potential path toward sidestepping these limitations. We conduct a large-scale…

Scaling laws guide the development of large language models (LLMs) by offering estimates for the optimal balance of model size, tokens, and compute. More recently, loss-to-loss scaling laws that relate losses across pretraining datasets and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Sayak Mallick , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

Despite exceptional capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still face deployment challenges due to their enormous size. Post-training structured pruning is a promising solution that prunes LLMs without the need for retraining, reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Weizhong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse tasks are now well established, yet their effective deployment necessitates careful hyperparameter optimization. Although existing methods have explored the…

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are widely used to solve a variety of problems and as the quantity of data and the amount of available compute have increased, so have model sizes. The number of parameters in recent state-of-the-art networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Sharan Narang , Erich Elsen , Gregory Diamos , Shubho Sengupta

The exponential growth of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has revolutionized artificial intelligence, offering unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing. However, the extensive computational resources required for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ashhadul Islam , Samir Brahim Belhaouari , Amine Bermak

Magnitude pruning is a widely used strategy for reducing model size in pure supervised learning; however, it is less effective in the transfer learning regime that has become standard for state-of-the-art natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Victor Sanh , Thomas Wolf , Alexander M. Rush

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in natural language processing tasks, yet their massive size makes serving them inefficient and costly. Semi-structured pruning has emerged as an effective method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Hongyi Liu , Rajarshi Saha , Zhen Jia , Youngsuk Park , Jiaji Huang , Shoham Sabach , Yu-Xiang Wang , George Karypis

Scaling laws for language model training traditionally characterize how performance scales with model size and dataset volume. Prior work has explored architecture variants and data treatments such as dataset filtering and noise injection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Anirudh Subramanyam , Yuxin Chen , Robert L. Grossman

It is commonly believed that scaling language models should commit a significant space or time cost, by increasing the parameters (parameter scaling) or output tokens (inference-time scaling). We introduce the third and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Mouxiang Chen , Binyuan Hui , Zeyu Cui , Jiaxi Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Jianling Sun , Junyang Lin , Zhongxin Liu

Reasoning is an integral part of many tasks performed by language models (LMs). However, the effects of scaling model sizes and data on reasoning abilities at pretraining time remain understudied. To rigorously investigate this problem, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinyi Wang , Shawn Tan , Shenbo Xu , Mingyu Jin , William Yang Wang , Rameswar Panda , Yikang Shen

This work suggests fundamentally rethinking the current practice of pruning large language models (LLMs). The way it is done is by divide and conquer: split the model into submodels, sequentially prune them, and reconstruct predictions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Sungbin Shin , Wonpyo Park , Jaeho Lee , Namhoon Lee

That neural networks may be pruned to high sparsities and retain high accuracy is well established. Recent research efforts focus on pruning immediately after initialization so as to allow the computational savings afforded by sparsity to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Ilan Price , Jared Tanner

Model pruning, i.e., removing a subset of model weights, has become a prominent approach to reducing the memory footprint of large language models (LLMs) during inference. Notably, popular inference engines, such as vLLM, enable users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Kazuki Egashira , Robin Staab , Thibaud Gloaguen , Mark Vero , Martin Vechev

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the resource demands of these models pose substantial challenges. Structured pruning is an effective approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Changhai Zhou , Yuhua Zhou , Shijie Han , Qian Qiao , Hongguang Li