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Ensuring truthfulness in large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for reliable text generation. While supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning with human feedback have shown promise, they require a substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Manh Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Hung Le

Retrieval Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to generate accurate answer and improve efficiency. However, RALMs are inherently vulnerable to imperfect information due to their reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Seong-Il Park , Jay-Yoon Lee

The performance of state-of-the-art object detectors degrades significantly under adverse weather, causing a safety-critical domain shift problem for autonomous vehicles. Recent efforts address this problem by relying on synthetic data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hamed Khatounabadi , Xiaohu Lu , Hayder Radha

Understanding and addressing corner cases is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems. Vision-language models (VLMs) play a crucial role in enhancing scenario comprehension, yet they face significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yujin Wang , Quanfeng Liu , Jiaqi Fan , Jinlong Hong , Hongqing Chu , Mengjian Tian , Bingzhao Gao , Hong Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a potent tool for sequential decision-making and has achieved performance surpassing human capabilities across many challenging real-world tasks. As the extension of RL in the multi-agent system domain,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Ruiqi Zhang , Jing Hou , Florian Walter , Shangding Gu , Jiayi Guan , Florian Röhrbein , Yali Du , Panpan Cai , Guang Chen , Alois Knoll

While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been shown to enhance factuality of large language model (LLM) outputs, LLMs still suffer from hallucination, generating incorrect or irrelevant information. A common detection strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Tobias Leemann , Periklis Petridis , Giuseppe Vietri , Dionysis Manousakas , Aaron Roth , Sergul Aydore

Real world data, especially in the domain of robotics, is notoriously costly to collect. One way to circumvent this can be to leverage the power of simulation to produce large amounts of labelled data. However, training models on simulated…

This paper addresses the challenges of training end-to-end autonomous driving agents using Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL agents are typically trained in a fixed set of scenarios and nominal behavior of surrounding road users in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ahmed Abouelazm , Tim Weinstein , Tim Joseph , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner

Autonomous intersection management (AIM) poses significant challenges due to the intricate nature of real-world traffic scenarios and the need for a highly expensive centralised server in charge of simultaneously controlling all the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Matteo Cederle , Marco Fabris , Gian Antonio Susto

Deploying reinforcement learning policies trained in simulation to real autonomous vehicles remains a fundamental challenge, particularly for VLM-guided RL frameworks whose policies are typically learned with simulator-native observations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zilin Huang , Zhengyang Wan , Zihao Sheng , Boyue Wang , Junwei You , Yue Leng , Sikai Chen

Imitation learning for end-to-end driving trains policies only on expert demonstrations. Once deployed in a closed loop, such policies lack recovery data: small mistakes cannot be corrected and quickly compound into failures. A promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lan Feng , Yang Gao , Eloi Zablocki , Quanyi Li , Wuyang Li , Sichao Liu , Matthieu Cord , Alexandre Alahi

Achieving both realism and controllability in closed-loop traffic simulation remains a key challenge in autonomous driving. Dataset-based methods reproduce realistic trajectories but suffer from covariate shift in closed-loop deployment,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Keyu Chen , Wenchao Sun , Hao Cheng , Sifa Zheng

With the increasing safety validation requirements for the release of a self-driving car, alternative approaches, such as simulation-based testing, are emerging in addition to conventional real-world testing. In order to rely on virtual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

Anomaly detection in complex industrial environments poses unique challenges, particularly in contexts characterized by data sparsity and evolving operational conditions. Predictive maintenance (PdM) in such settings demands methodologies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alicia Russell-Gilbert , Sudip Mittal , Shahram Rahimi , Maria Seale , Joseph Jabour , Thomas Arnold , Joshua Church

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated great success in the past several years. However, most of the scenarios focus on simulated environments. One of the main challenges of transferring the policy learned in a simulated environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ya-Yen Tsai , Hui Xu , Zihan Ding , Chong Zhang , Edward Johns , Bidan Huang

While supervised detection and classification frameworks in autonomous driving require large labelled datasets to converge, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) approaches, facilitated by synthetic data generated from photo-real simulated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Chuqing Hu , Sinclair Hudson , Martin Ethier , Mohammad Al-Sharman , Derek Rayside , William Melek

Reinforcement learning (RL) has attracted increasing interest for adaptive traffic signal control due to its model-free ability to learn control policies directly from interaction with the traffic environment. However, several challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dickens Kwesiga , Angshuman Guin , Khaled Abdelghany , Michael Hunter

Accurate lane detection is critical for navigation in autonomous vehicles, particularly the active lane which demarcates the single road space that the vehicle is currently traveling on. Recent state-of-the-art lane detection algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Zhe Ming Chng , Joseph Mun Hung Lew , Jimmy Addison Lee

Autonomous racing presents a complex environment requiring robust controllers capable of making rapid decisions under dynamic conditions. While traditional controllers based on tire models are reliable, they often demand extensive tuning or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Cheng Hu , Jonathan Wang , Lei Xie , Andrea Carron , Michele Magno

Driving scenario data play an increasingly vital role in the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving. Accurate and efficient scenario data search is critical for both online vehicle decision-making and planning, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Cheng Chang , Jingwei Ge , Jiazhe Guo , Zelin Guo , Binghong Jiang , Li Li