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We present new results on realtime alternating, private alternating, and quantum alternating automaton models. Firstly, we show that the emptiness problem for alternating one-counter automata on unary alphabets is undecidable. Then, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Gökalp Demirci , Mika Hirvensalo , Klaus Reinhardt , A. C. Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

Families of deterministic finite automata (FDFA) represent regular $\omega$-languages through their ultimately periodic words (UP-words). An FDFA accepts pairs of words, where the first component corresponds to a prefix of the UP-word, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 León Bohn , Yong Li , Christof Löding , Sven Schewe

In this paper, we present a proof of the NP-completeness of computing the smallest Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) that distinguishes two given regular languages as DFAs. A distinguishing DFA is an automaton that recognizes a language…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jan Martens

Several reachability problems in finite automata, such as completeness of NFAs and synchronisation of total DFAs, correspond to fundamental properties of sets of nonnegative matrices. In particular, the two mentioned properties correspond…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Stefan Kiefer , Andrew Ryzhikov

We introduce Symbolic Alternating Finite Automata (s-AFA) as an expressive, succinct, and decidable model for describing sets of finite sequences over arbitrary alphabets. Boolean operations over s-AFAs have linear complexity, which is in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Loris D'Antoni , Zachary Kincaid , Fang Wang

We construct a probabilistic finite automaton (PFA) with 7 states and an input alphabet of 5 symbols for which the PFA Emptiness Problem is undecidable. The only input for the decision problem is the starting distribution. For the proof, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Günter Rote

Nonuniform families of polynomial-size finite automata and pushdown automata respectively have strong connections to nonuniform-NL and nonuniform-LOGCFL. We examine the behaviors of unambiguous and co-nondeterministic computations produced…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tomoyuki Yamakami

Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) represent regular languages concisely, increasing their appeal for applications such as word recognition. This paper proposes a new approach to generate NFA from an interaction language such as UML…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Erwan Mahe , Boutheina Bannour , Christophe Gaston , Arnault Lapitre , Pascale Le Gall

We reinvestigate known lower bounds for the Intersection Non-Emptiness Problem for Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA's). We first strengthen conditional time complexity lower bounds from T. Kasai and S. Iwata (1985) which showed that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Michael Wehar

This paper provides a coalgebraic approach to the language semantics of two types of non-deterministic automata over nominal sets: non-deterministic orbit-finite automata (NOFAs) and regular nominal non-deterministic automata (RNNAs), which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Florian Frank , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

We prove that two-way probabilistic and quantum finite automata (2PFA's and 2QFA's) can be considerably more concise than both their one-way versions (1PFA's and 1QFA's), and two-way nondeterministic finite automata (2NFA's). For this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-01-29 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz , A. C. Cem Say

In this paper we combine the algebraic properties of Mealy machines generating self-similar groups and the combinatorial properties of the corresponding deterministic finite automata (DFA). In particular, we relate bounded automata to…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-19 Daniele D'Angeli , Emanuele Rodaro

We investigate the descriptional complexity of different variants of 1-limited automata (1-las), an extension of two-way finite automata (2nfas) characterizing regular languages. In particular, we consider 2nfas with common-guess…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Bruno Guillon , Luca Prigioniero , Javad Taheri

The problem DFA-Intersection-Nonemptiness asks if a given number of deterministic automata accept a common word. In general, this problem is PSPACE-complete. Here, we investigate this problem for the subclasses of commutative automata and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Henning Fernau , Stefan Hoffmann , Michael Wehar

We address the following decision problem. Given a numeration system $U$ and a $U$-recognizable set $X\subseteq\mathbb{N}$, i.e. the set of its greedy $U$-representations is recognized by a finite automaton, decide whether or not $X$ is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 E. Charlier , A. Massuir , M. Rigo , E. Rowland

Unambiguous automata are nondeterministic automata in which every word has at most one accepting run. In this paper we give a polynomial-time algorithm for model checking discrete-time Markov chains against \omega-regular specifications…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Christel Baier , Stefan Kiefer , Joachim Klein , David Müller , James Worrell

The class of Unambiguous Star-Free Regular Languages (UL) was defined by Schutzenberger as the class of languages defined by Unambiguous Polynomials. UL has been variously characterized (over finite words) by logics such as TL[X_a,Y_a],…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-14 Paritosh K. Pandya , Simoni S. Shah

Nondeterministic Discounted-Sum Automata (NDAs) are nondeterministic finite automata equipped with a discounting factor $\lambda>1$, and whose transitions are labelled by weights. The value of a run of an NDA is the discounted sum of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shaull Almagor , Neta Dafni

We examine questions involving nondeterministic finite automata where all states are final, initial, or both initial and final. First, we prove hardness results for the nonuniversality and inequivalence problems for these NFAs. Next, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-07-03 Jui-Yi Kao , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

Partially ordered automata are automata where the transition relation induces a partial order on states. The expressive power of partially ordered automata is closely related to the expressivity of fragments of first-order logic on finite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tomáš Masopust , Markus Krötzsch