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Research on adversarial robustness in language models is currently fragmented across applications and attacks, obscuring shared vulnerabilities. In this work, we propose unifying the study of adversarial robustness in text scoring models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Manveer Singh Tamber , Hosna Oyarhoseini , Jimmy Lin

An adversarial attack paradigm explores various scenarios for the vulnerability of deep learning models: minor changes of the input can force a model failure. Most of the state of the art frameworks focus on adversarial attacks for images…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 I. Fursov , A. Zaytsev , N. Kluchnikov , A. Kravchenko , E. Burnaev

Textual adversarial attacks pose a serious security threat to Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems by introducing imperceptible perturbations that mislead deep learning models. While adversarial example detection offers a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 He Zhu , Yanshu Li , Wen Liu , Haitian Yang

Fueled by massive amounts of data, models produced by machine-learning (ML) algorithms, especially deep neural networks, are being used in diverse domains where trustworthiness is a concern, including automotive systems, finance, health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Tommaso Dreossi , Somesh Jha , Sanjit A. Seshia

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to small input perturbations known as adversarial attacks. Inspired by the fact that these adversaries are constructed by iteratively minimizing the confidence of a network for the true class label, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Motasem Alfarra , Juan C. Pérez , Ali Thabet , Adel Bibi , Philip H. S. Torr , Bernard Ghanem

The vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial attacks has been widely demonstrated (e.g., adversarial example attacks). Traditional attacks perform unstructured pixel-wise perturbation to fool the classifier. An alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Shuo Wang , Surya Nepal , Carsten Rudolph , Marthie Grobler , Shangyu Chen , Tianle Chen

Fine-grained word meaning resolution remains a critical challenge for neural language models (NLMs) as they often overfit to global sentence representations, failing to capture local semantic details. We propose a novel adversarial training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jader Martins Camboim de Sá , Jooyoung Lee , Cédric Pruski , Marcos Da Silveira

Current adversarial attack algorithms, where an adversary changes a text to fool a victim model, have been repeatedly shown to be effective against text classifiers. These attacks, however, generally assume that the victim model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Tom Roth , Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Alsharif Abuadbba , Massimo Piccardi

Gradient-based adversarial training is widely used in improving the robustness of neural networks, while it cannot be easily adapted to natural language processing tasks since the embedding space is discrete. In natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu

Deep neural networks have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples---maliciously crafted examples that can trigger the target model to misbehave by adding imperceptible perturbations. Existing attack methods for k-nearest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Xiaodan Li , Yuefeng Chen , Yuan He , Hui Xue

Machine learning models, especially deep neural networks (DNNs), have been shown to be vulnerable against adversarial examples which are carefully crafted samples with a small magnitude of the perturbation. Such adversarial perturbations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Anand Bhattad , Min Jin Chong , Kaizhao Liang , Bo Li , D. A. Forsyth

Adversarial training is an effective learning technique to improve the robustness of deep neural networks. In this study, the influence of adversarial training on deep learning models in terms of fairness, robustness, and generalization is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Xiaoling Zhou , Nan Yang , Ou Wu

In communication systems, there are many tasks, like modulation recognition, which rely on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) models. However, these models have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial perturbations, namely imperceptible…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-31 Javier Maroto , Gérôme Bovet , Pascal Frossard

Adversarial examples are perturbed inputs which can cause a serious threat for machine learning models. Finding these perturbations is such a hard task that we can only use the iterative methods to traverse. For computational efficiency,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Xiaofeng Mao , Yuefeng Chen , Yuhong Li , Yuan He , Hui Xue

Reward modeling has emerged as a promising approach for the scalable alignment of language models. However, contemporary reward models (RMs) often lack robustness, awarding high rewards to low-quality, out-of-distribution (OOD) samples.…

Deep learning has greatly improved visual recognition in recent years. However, recent research has shown that there exist many adversarial examples that can negatively impact the performance of such an architecture. This paper focuses on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Xin Li , Fuxin Li

The security issues in DNNs, such as adversarial examples, have attracted much attention. Adversarial examples refer to the examples which are capable to induce the DNNs return completely predictions by introducing carefully designed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Wenjian Luo , Hongwei Zhang , Linghao Kong , Zhijian Chen , Ke Tang

We identify two issues with the family of algorithms based on the Adversarial Imitation Learning framework. The first problem is implicit bias present in the reward functions used in these algorithms. While these biases might work well for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Ilya Kostrikov , Kumar Krishna Agrawal , Debidatta Dwibedi , Sergey Levine , Jonathan Tompson

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be quite effective in a vast array of machine learning tasks, with recent examples in cyber security and autonomous vehicles. Despite the superior performance of DNNs in these applications, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Qinglong Wang , Wenbo Guo , Kaixuan Zhang , Alexander G. Ororbia , Xinyu Xing , Xue Liu , C. Lee Giles