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The supernova (SN) core, characterized by its extreme temperature and density, serves as a unique laboratory for new-physics searches. Low-energy supernovae (LESNe) provide particularly powerful probes, as their low explosion energies place…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-28 Zi-Miao Huang , Changqian Li , Zuowei Liu

We provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenology of axion-like particles (ALPs) produced in core-collapse supernovae (ccSNe) through interactions with electrons and muons, both of which have a non-negligible abundance in the SN…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-17 Ricardo Z. Ferreira , M. C. David Marsh , Eike Ravensburg

The extreme conditions within the supernova core, a high-temperature and high-density environment, create an ideal laboratory for the search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Of particular interest are low-energy supernovae,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-11 Zi-Miao Huang , Zuowei Liu

In this paper we study axion-like particles (ALPs) with lepton-flavour-violating (LFV) couplings in the mass regime above the muon threshold, $m_a>m_\mu$, where the strong bound from the exotic muon decay $\mu\to ea$ no longer apply and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-15 Marco Ardu , Lorenzo Calibbi , Marco Fedele , Federico Mescia

Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) coupled with electrons would be produced in a Supernova (SN) via electron-proton bremsstrahlung and electron-positron fusion. We evaluate the ALP emissivity from these processes by taking into account the ALP…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-11-16 Giuseppe Lucente , Pierluca Carenza

We revisit the production of axion-like particles (ALPs) coupled to electrons at tree-level in a relativistic plasma. We explicitly demonstrate the equivalence between pseudoscalar and derivative couplings, incorporate previously neglected…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-14 Damiano F. G. Fiorillo , Tetyana Pitik , Edoardo Vitagliano

We explore the potential of the Mu2e experiment to probe the lepton-flavor-violating process $\mu^- e^- \to e^- e^-$ in a muonic atom within a simplified axion-like particle (ALP) framework featuring flavor-violating $e$-$\mu$ couplings and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-10 Girish Kumar , Alexey A. Petrov

In the ALP model, lepton flavor violation (LFV) can arise from off-diagonal ALP-lepton couplings ($g_{a\ell_i\ell_j}$), which are absent in the Standard Model. We focus on ALP production via gluon fusion ($pp \to a$) at the Large Hadron…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-09 Xiaochu Zheng , Ruitian Li , Jing Li , Hao Sun

In this article, we claim that axion-like particles (ALPs) with MeV masses can be produced with semi-relativistic velocities in core-collapse supernovae (SNe), generating a diffuse galactic flux. We show that these ALPs can be detected in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-15 David Alonso-González , David Cerdeño , Marina Cermeño , Andres D. Perez

The high temperature and electron degeneracy attained during a supernova allow for the formation of a large muon abundance within the core of the resulting proto-neutron star. If new pseudoscalar degrees of freedom have large couplings to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-04 Robert Bollig , William DeRocco , Peter W. Graham , Hans-Thomas Janka

New light particles produced in supernovae can lead to additional energy loss and a consequent deficit in neutrino production in conflict with the neutrinos observed from Supernova 1987A (SN1987A). Contrary to the majority of previous…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Djuna Croon , Gilly Elor , Rebecca K. Leane , Samuel D. McDermott

Tau leptons can have lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) couplings to a muon or an electron and an Axion-Like Particle (ALP). ALPs are pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneously broken global U(1) symmetries. LFV ALPs have been…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-16 Gholamhossein Haghighat , Mojtaba Mohammadi Najafabadi

The cores of dense stars are a powerful laboratory for studying feebly coupled particles such as axions. Some of the strongest constraints on axionlike particles and their couplings to ordinary matter derive from considerations of stellar…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-30 Hong-Yi Zhang , Ray Hagimoto , Andrew J. Long

Axion-like particles (ALPs) with lepton-flavor violating couplings can be probed in exotic muon and tau decays. The sensitivity of different experiments depends strongly on the ALP mass and its couplings to leptons and photons. For ALPs…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-06-24 Martin Bauer , Matthias Neubert , Sophie Renner , Marvin Schnubel , Andrea Thamm

We assess the status of past and future experiments on lepton flavor violating (LFV) muon and tau decays into a light, invisible, axion-like particle (ALP), $a$. We propose a new experimental setup for MEG II, the MEGII-fwd, with a forward…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-04-18 Lorenzo Calibbi , Diego Redigolo , Robert Ziegler , Jure Zupan

The cumulative emission of Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) from all past core-collapse supernovae (SNe) would lead to a diffuse flux with energies ${\mathcal O}(50)$ MeV. We use this to constrain ALPs featuring couplings to photons and to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-12-03 Francesca Calore , Pierluca Carenza , Maurizio Giannotti , Joerg Jaeckel , Alessandro Mirizzi

Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) are pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneously broken global $U(1)$ symmetries. Such particles can have lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) couplings to the SM charged leptons. LFV ALPs provide the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-24 Gholamhossein Haghighat , Mojtaba Mohammadi Najafabadi

Searches for pseudoscalar axion-like-particles (ALPs) typically rely on their decay in beam dumps or their conversion into photons in haloscopes and helioscopes. We point out a new experimental direction for ALP probes through their…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-06-24 James B. Dent , Bhaskar Dutta , Doojin Kim , Shu Liao , Rupak Mahapatra , Kuver Sinha , Adrian Thompson

Proto-neutron stars formed during core-collapse supernovae are hot and dense environments that contain a sizable population of muons. If these interact with new long-lived particles with masses up to roughly 100 MeV, the latter can be…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-19 Claudio Andrea Manzari , Jorge Martin Camalich , Jonas Spinner , Robert Ziegler

We investigate the potential of type II supernovae (SNe) to constrain axion-like particles (ALPs) coupled simultaneously to nucleons and electrons. ALPs coupled to nucleons can be efficiently produced in the SN core via nucleon-nucleon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-18 Francesca Calore , Pierluca Carenza , Maurizio Giannotti , Joerg Jaeckel , Giuseppe Lucente , Alessandro Mirizzi
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