English
Related papers

Related papers: Reference-free Evaluation Metrics for Text Generat…

200 papers

Automated evaluation metrics as a stand-in for manual evaluation are an essential part of the development of text-generation tasks such as text summarization. However, while the field has progressed, our standard metrics have not -- for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Manik Bhandari , Pranav Gour , Atabak Ashfaq , Pengfei Liu , Graham Neubig

Automatic evaluation of open-domain dialogue response generation is very challenging because there are many appropriate responses for a given context. Existing evaluation models merely compare the generated response with the ground truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-15 JinYeong Bak , Alice Oh

Open-domain generative dialogue systems have attracted considerable attention over the past few years. Currently, how to automatically evaluate them, is still a big challenge problem. As far as we know, there are three kinds of automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Tian Lan , Xian-Ling Mao , Wei Wei , Xiaoyan Gao , Heyan Huang

Reward modeling is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, especially in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, current reward models mainly produce scalar scores and struggle to…

For evaluating generation systems, automatic metrics such as BLEU cost nothing to run but have been shown to correlate poorly with human judgment, leading to systematic bias against certain model improvements. On the other hand, averaging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Arun Tejasvi Chaganty , Stephen Mussman , Percy Liang

This work aims to employ natural language generation (NLG) to rapidly generate items for English language learning applications: this requires both language models capable of generating fluent, high-quality English, and to control the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Kevin Stowe , Debanjan Ghosh , Mengxuan Zhao

Multiple choice benchmarks have long been the workhorse of language model evaluation because grading multiple choice is objective and easy to automate. However, we show multiple choice questions from popular benchmarks can often be answered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Nikhil Chandak , Shashwat Goel , Ameya Prabhu , Moritz Hardt , Jonas Geiping

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential for automating the evaluation of natural language generation. Previous frameworks of LLM-as-a-judge fall short in two ways: they either use zero-shot setting without consulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Mingxuan Li , Hanchen Li , Chenhao Tan

Since the natural language processing (NLP) community started to make large language models (LLMs) act as a critic to evaluate the quality of generated texts, most of the existing works train a critique generation model on the evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Pei Ke , Bosi Wen , Zhuoer Feng , Xiao Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Jiale Cheng , Shengyuan Wang , Aohan Zeng , Yuxiao Dong , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential as evaluators of NLG systems, allowing for high-quality, reference-free, and multi-aspect assessments. However, existing LLM-based metrics suffer from two major drawbacks:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ivan Kartáč , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

Recent advances in large language models have enabled the development of viable generative retrieval systems. Instead of a traditional document ranking, generative retrieval systems often directly return a grounded generated text as a…

In task-oriented conversation systems, natural language generation systems that generate sentences with specific information related to conversation flow are useful. Our study focuses on language generation by considering various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Joosung Lee

The task of Critical Questions Generation (CQs-Gen) aims to foster critical thinking by enabling systems to generate questions that expose underlying assumptions and challenge the validity of argumentative reasoning structures. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Banca Calvo Figueras , Rodrigo Agerri

Personalized text generation presents a specialized mechanism for delivering content that is specific to a user's personal context. While the research progress in this area has been rapid, evaluation still presents a challenge. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yaqing Wang , Jiepu Jiang , Mingyang Zhang , Cheng Li , Yi Liang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky

Commit messages are essential in software development as they serve to document and explain code changes. Yet, their quality often falls short in practice, with studies showing significant proportions of empty or inadequate messages. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Qunhong Zeng , Yuxia Zhang , Zexiong Ma , Bo Jiang , Ningyuan Sun , Klaas-Jan Stol , Xingyu Mou , Hui Liu

Recent efforts have evaluated large language models (LLMs) in areas such as commonsense reasoning, mathematical reasoning, and code generation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work has specifically investigated the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Xuanfan Ni , Piji Li

As transparency becomes key for robotics and AI, it will be necessary to evaluate the methods through which transparency is provided, including automatically generated natural language (NL) explanations. Here, we explore parallels between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Miruna Clinciu , Arash Eshghi , Helen Hastie

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

In recent years, neural models have often outperformed rule-based and classic Machine Learning approaches in NLG. These classic approaches are now often disregarded, for example when new neural models are evaluated. We argue that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Fahime Same , Guanyi Chen , Kees van Deemter

Today, AI technology is showing its strengths in almost every industry and walks of life. From text generation, text summarization, chatbots, NLP is being used widely. One such paradigm is automatic code generation. An AI could be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Aishwarya Narasimhan , Krishna Prasad Agara Venkatesha Rao , Veena M B