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Evaluating large language models (LLMs) has recently emerged as a critical issue for safe and trustworthy application of LLMs in the medical domain. Although a variety of static medical question-answering (QA) benchmarks have been proposed,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Gyutaek Oh , Sangjoon Park , Byung-Hoon Kim

Proof engineering is notoriously labor-intensive: proofs that are straightforward on paper often require lengthy scripts in theorem provers. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) create new opportunities for proof automation:…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yichen Xu , Martin Odersky

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in software engineering (SE) tools, powering applications such as code generation, automated code review, and bug triage. As these LLM-based AI for Software Engineering (AI4SE) systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Utku Boran Torun , Veli Karakaya , Ali Babar , Eray Tüzün

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

In the age of AI-powered educational (AIED) innovation, evaluating the developmental consequences of novel designs before they are exposed to students has become both essential and challenging. Since such interventions may carry…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jianxiao Jiang , Yu Zhang

Recent large language models (LLMs) are promising for making decisions in grounded environments. However, LLMs frequently fail in complex decision-making tasks due to the misalignment between the pre-trained knowledge in LLMs and the actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in task automation and intelligent decision-making, driving the widespread adoption of agent development frameworks such as LangChain and AutoGen. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jiabin Tang , Tianyu Fan , Chao Huang

In recent years, autonomous driving systems have made significant progress, yet ensuring their safety remains a key challenge. To this end, scenario-based testing offers a practical solution, and simulation-based methods have gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahui Wu , Chengjie Lu , Aitor Arrieta , Shaukat Ali

The generation of testing and training scenarios for autonomous vehicles has drawn significant attention. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled new scenario generation methods, current methods struggle to balance command adherence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Qingyuan Shi , Qingwen Meng , Hao Cheng , Qing Xu , Jianqiang Wang

This paper introduces a multi-agent framework guided by Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in the early stages of engineering design, a phase often characterized by vast parameter spaces and inherent uncertainty. Operating under a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Varun Kumar , George Em Karniadakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in Software Engineering (SE) for various tasks, including generating code, designing and documenting software, adding code comments, reviewing code, and writing test scripts. However, creating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Abdul Malik Sami , Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Zheying Zhang , Herda Tomas , Pekka Abrahamsson

Unit testing is essential for verifying the functional correctness of code modules (e.g., classes, methods), but manually writing unit tests is often labor-intensive and time-consuming. Unit tests generated by tools that employ traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Alex Chudic , Gül Çalıklı

Unit tests represent the most basic level of testing within the software testing lifecycle and are crucial to ensuring software correctness. Designing and creating unit tests is a costly and labor-intensive process that is ripe for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Andrea Lops , Fedelucio Narducci , Azzurra Ragone , Michelantonio Trizio , Claudio Bartolini

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) are revolutionizing transportation by reducing human intervention, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing safety. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into ADSs to support high-level…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yaozu Wu , Dongyuan Li , Yankai Chen , Renhe Jiang , Henry Peng Zou , Wei-Chieh Huang , Yangning Li , Liancheng Fang , Zhen Wang , Philip S. Yu

System-Level Test (SLT) has been a part of the test flow for integrated circuits for over a decade and still gains importance. However, no systematic approaches exist for test program generation, especially targeting non-functional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Denis Schwachhofer , Peter Domanski , Steffen Becker , Stefan Wagner , Matthias Sauer , Dirk Pflüger , Ilia Polian

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into software engineering practice is reshaping how software testing activities are performed. LLMs are increasingly used to support software testing. Consequently, software testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Peng Yang , Yunfeng Zhu , Chao Chang , Shengcheng Yu , Zhenyu Chen , Yong Tang

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are currently widely used in safety-critical fields such as industrial production, military operations, and disaster relief. Due to the diversity and complexity of application scenarios, UAS have become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jianyu Zhang , Long Zhang , Yixuan Wu , Linru Ma , Feng Yang

Traditional industrial automation systems require specialized expertise to operate and complex reprogramming to adapt to new processes. Large language models offer the intelligence to make them more flexible and easier to use. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Yuchen Xia , Nasser Jazdi , Jize Zhang , Chaitanya Shah , Michael Weyrich

Control systems on unmanned vehicles are safety-critical systems whose requirements on reliability and safety are ever-increasing. Currently, testing a complex autonomous control system is an expensive and time-consuming process, which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-08 Xunhua Dai , Chenxu Ke , Quan Quan , Kai-Yuan Cai

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language-based agentic tasks, their applicability to unseen, nonlinguistic environments (e.g., symbolic or spatial tasks) remains limited. Previous work attributes this performance gap to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haoyu Wang , Guozheng Ma , Shugang Cui , Yilun Kong , Haotian Luo , Li Shen , Mengya Gao , Yichao Wu , Xiaogang Wang , Dacheng Tao