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Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone rapid progress, largely attributed to reinforcement learning on complex reasoning tasks. In contrast, while spatial intelligence is fundamental for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zijian Song , Xiaoxin Lin , Qiuming Huang , Sihan Qin , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across a broad array of tasks, yet their capacity for complex, domain-specific mathematical reasoning-particularly in wireless communications-remains underexplored. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Xin Li , Mengbing Liu , Li Wei , Jiancheng An , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to automate programming tasks. Yet, LLMs' capabilities in reasoning about program semantics are still inadequately studied, leaving significant potential for further exploration. This…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Toby Murray

We introduce TFRBench, the first benchmark designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of forecasting systems. Traditionally, time-series forecasting has been evaluated solely on numerical accuracy, treating foundation models as ``black…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Md Atik Ahamed , Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Yiwen Song , Long T. Le , Qiang Cheng , Chun-Liang Li , Hamid Palangi , Jinsung Yoon , Tomas Pfister

Recent progress in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been driven by the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), which exhibit remarkable generative and reasoning capabilities. However, despite their success, evaluating the true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Mikel Zubillaga , Naiara Perez , Oscar Sainz , German Rigau

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable proficiency in explicit visual recognition, effectively describing what is directly visible in an image. However, a critical cognitive gap emerges when the visual input serves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Seyed Amir Kasaei , Arash Marioriyad , Mahbod Khaleti , MohammadAmin Fazli , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Self-correction of large language models (LLMs) emerges as a critical component for enhancing their reasoning performance. Although various self-correction methods have been proposed, a comprehensive evaluation of these methods remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Guiyao Tie , Zenghui Yuan , Zeli Zhao , Chaoran Hu , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Sizhe Zhang , Junran Wu , Xiaoyue Tu , Ming Jin , Qingsong Wen , Lixing Chen , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Reasoning in large language models has long been a central research focus, and recent studies employing reinforcement learning (RL) have introduced diverse methods that yield substantial performance gains with minimal or even no external…

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

Counterfactual reasoning is widely recognized as one of the most challenging and intricate aspects of causality in artificial intelligence. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of large language models (LLMs) in counterfactual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuefei Chen , Vivek K. Singh , Jing Ma , Ruixiang Tang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet existing approaches struggle to reconcile scalability, interpretability, and reproducibility. Black-box models obscure their reasoning, while recent…

Evaluating the performance of visual language models (VLMs) in graphic reasoning tasks has become an important research topic. However, VLMs still show obvious deficiencies in simulating human-level graphic reasoning capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jianyi Zhang , Xu Ji , Ziyin Zhou , Yuchen Zhou , Shubo Shi , Haoyu Wu , Zhen Li , Shizhao Liu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili

Large language models (LLMs)-based chatbots are increasingly being adopted in the financial domain, particularly in digital banking, to handle customer inquiries about products such as deposits, savings, and loans. However, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yunseung Lee , Subin Kim , Youngjun Kwak , Jaegul Choo

Large language models have shown impressive results for multi-hop mathematical reasoning when the input question is only textual. Many mathematical reasoning problems, however, contain both text and image. With the ever-increasing adoption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mehran Kazemi , Hamidreza Alvari , Ankit Anand , Jialin Wu , Xi Chen , Radu Soricut

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

Building precise simulations of the real world and invoking numerical solvers to answer quantitative problems is an essential requirement in engineering and science. We present FEABench, a benchmark to evaluate the ability of large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Nayantara Mudur , Hao Cui , Subhashini Venugopalan , Paul Raccuglia , Michael P. Brenner , Peter Norgaard

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence and robotics due to their commonsense reasoning capabilities. In robotic manipulation, VLMs are used primarily as high-level planners, but recent work has also…

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christopher Chiu , Silviu Pitis , Mihaela van der Schaar

Solving financial problems demands complex reasoning, multimodal data processing, and a broad technical understanding, presenting unique challenges for current large language models (LLMs). We introduce XFinBench, a novel benchmark with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Zhihan Zhang , Yixin Cao , Lizi Liao