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Membership inference attacks (MIA) can reveal whether a particular data point was part of the training dataset, potentially exposing sensitive information about individuals. This article provides theoretical guarantees by exploring the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-08 Eric Aubinais , Elisabeth Gassiat , Pablo Piantanida

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have emerged as a principled framework for auditing the privacy of synthetic data generated by tabular generative models, where many diverse methods have been proposed that each exploit different privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Joshua Ward , Yuxuan Yang , Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Membership inference attacks (MIA) try to detect if data samples were used to train a neural network model, e.g. to detect copyright abuses. We show that models with higher dimensional input and output are more vulnerable to MIA, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Avital Shafran , Shmuel Peleg , Yedid Hoshen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on large-scale web data, which makes it difficult to grasp the contribution of each text. This poses the risk of leaking inappropriate data such as benchmarks, personal information, and copyrighted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Masahiro Kaneko , Youmi Ma , Yuki Wata , Naoaki Okazaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-quality tabular synthetic data. In practice, two primary approaches have emerged for adapting LLMs to tabular data generation: (i) fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joshua Ward , Bochao Gu , Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which enable adversaries to determine whether specific data points were part of a model's training dataset, have emerged as an important framework to understand, assess, and quantify the potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Toan Tran , Olivera Kotevska , Li Xiong

Synthetic data is emerging as one of the most promising solutions to share individual-level data while safeguarding privacy. While membership inference attacks (MIAs), based on shadow modeling, have become the standard to evaluate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Florent Guépin , Matthieu Meeus , Ana-Maria Cretu , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a target data record has been utilized for model training or not. Existing MIAs designed for large language models (LLMs) can be bifurcated into two types: reference-free and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Chen Gao , Guanghua Liu , Yong Li , Tao Jiang

Large Multimodal Language Models (MLLMs) are emerging as one of the foundational tools in an expanding range of applications. Consequently, understanding training-data leakage in these systems is increasingly critical. Log-probability-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ziyi Tong , Feifei Sun , Le Minh Nguyen

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) act as a crucial auditing tool for the opaque training data of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing techniques predominantly rely on inaccessible model internals (e.g., logits) or suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jiatong Yi , Yanyang Li

As large-scale models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) see increasing deployment, their privacy risks remain underexplored. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which reveal whether a data point was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hengyu Wu , Yang Cao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great performance across various benchmarks, showing potential as general-purpose task solvers. However, as LLMs are typically trained on vast amounts of data, a significant concern in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yujuan Fu , Ozlem Uzuner , Meliha Yetisgen , Fei Xia

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly stringent privacy regulations, protecting data privacy in LLMs has become essential, especially for privacy-sensitive applications. Membership Inference Attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Md Tasnim Jawad , Mingyan Xiao , Yanzhao Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the promise to revolutionize computing broadly, but their complexity and extensive training data also expose significant privacy vulnerabilities. One of the simplest privacy risks associated with LLMs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Rongting Zhang , Martin Bertran , Aaron Roth

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) pose a critical privacy threat by enabling adversaries to determine whether a specific sample was included in a model's training dataset. Despite extensive research on MIAs, systematic comparisons between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Owais Makroo , Siva Rajesh Kasa , Sumegh Roychowdhury , Karan Gupta , Nikhil Pattisapu , Santhosh Kasa , Sumit Negi

Large vision-language models (VLLMs) exhibit promising capabilities for processing multi-modal tasks across various application scenarios. However, their emergence also raises significant data security concerns, given the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zhan Li , Yongtao Wu , Yihang Chen , Francesco Tonin , Elias Abad Rocamora , Volkan Cevher

Among all privacy attacks against Machine Learning (ML), membership inference attacks (MIA) attracted the most attention. In these attacks, the attacker is given an ML model and a data point, and they must infer whether the data point was…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bram van Dartel , Marc Damie , Florian Hahn

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to predict whether a data sample belongs to the model's training set or not. Although prior research has extensively explored MIAs in Large Language Models (LLMs), they typically require accessing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yu He , Boheng Li , Liu Liu , Zhongjie Ba , Wei Dong , Yiming Li , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

The collection and curation of high-quality training data is crucial for developing text classification models with superior performance, but it is often associated with significant costs and time investment. Researchers have recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Zhuoyan Li , Hangxiao Zhu , Zhuoran Lu , Ming Yin

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) infer whether a data point is in the training data of a machine learning model. It is a threat while being in the training data is private information of a data point. MIA correctly infers some data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Mauro Conti , Jiaxin Li , Stjepan Picek