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Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks improve the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge from retrieved documents, thereby overcoming the limitations of models' static intrinsic knowledge.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Jingjie Zheng , Aryo Pradipta Gema , Giwon Hong , Xuanli He , Pasquale Minervini , Youcheng Sun , Qiongkai Xu

Recent studies have demonstrated the vulnerability of recommender systems to data poisoning attacks, where adversaries inject carefully crafted fake user interactions into the training data of recommenders to promote target items. Current…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yunfan Wu , Qi Cao , Shuchang Tao , Kaike Zhang , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, making them adaptable and cost-effective for various applications. However, the growing reliance on these systems also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yucheng Zhang , Qinfeng Li , Tianyu Du , Xuhong Zhang , Xinkui Zhao , Zhengwen Feng , Jianwei Yin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external corpora before generating responses. This approach significantly expands LLM capabilities by leveraging vast,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haowei Wang , Rupeng Zhang , Junjie Wang , Mingyang Li , Yuekai Huang , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by retrieving external documents, but also opens up new attack surfaces. We study knowledge-base poisoning attacks in RAG, where an attacker injects…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hongru Song , Yu-An Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) integrated with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems improve accuracy by leveraging external knowledge sources. However, recent research has revealed RAG's susceptibility to poisoning attacks, where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baolei Zhang , Haoran Xin , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu , Biao Yi , Tong Li , Zheli Liu

The prevalence of data scraping from social media as a means to obtain datasets has led to growing concerns regarding unauthorized use of data. Data poisoning attacks have been proposed as a bulwark against scraping, as they make data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Pedro Sandoval-Segura , Vasu Singla , Jonas Geiping , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein , David W. Jacobs

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the dominant architectural pattern to operationalize Large Language Model (LLM) usage in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) systems. However, this design is susceptible to poisoning attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Austin Jia , Avaneesh Ramesh , Zain Shamsi , Daniel Zhang , Alex Liu

Recommender systems are an essential part of any e-commerce platform. Recommendations are typically generated by aggregating large amounts of user data. A malicious actor may be motivated to sway the output of such recommender systems by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Behzad Shahrasbi , Venugopal Mani , Apoorv Reddy Arrabothu , Deepthi Sharma , Kannan Achan , Sushant Kumar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an emerging approach in natural language processing that combines large language models (LLMs) with external document retrieval to produce more accurate and grounded responses. While RAG has shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Atousa Arzanipour , Rouzbeh Behnia , Reza Ebrahimi , Kaushik Dutta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly mitigates the hallucinations and domain knowledge deficiency in large language models by incorporating external knowledge bases. However, the multi-module architecture of RAG introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanming Mu , Hao Hu , Feiyang Li , Qiao Yuan , Jiang Wu , Zichuan Liu , Pengcheng Liu , Mei Wang , Hongwei Zhou , Yuling Liu

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks-based recommender systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where attackers can inject carefully crafted fake user profiles (i.e., a set of items that fake users have interacted with)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Jingfan Chen , Wenqi Fan , Guanghui Zhu , Xiangyu Zhao , Chunfeng Yuan , Qing Li , Yihua Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user queries. These systems, however, remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Huichi Zhou , Kin-Hei Lee , Zhonghao Zhan , Yue Chen , Zhenhao Li , Zhaoyang Wang , Hamed Haddadi , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful technique to facilitate language model with proprietary and private data, where data privacy is a pivotal concern. Whereas extensive research has demonstrated the privacy risks of large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-03 Shenglai Zeng , Jiankun Zhang , Pengfei He , Yue Xing , Yiding Liu , Han Xu , Jie Ren , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Yi Chang , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have shown great promise in natural language processing. However, their reliance on data stored in a retrieval database, which may contain proprietary or sensitive information, introduces new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Maya Anderson , Guy Amit , Abigail Goldsteen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models by grounding their outputs in external documents. These systems, however, remain vulnerable to attacks on the retrieval corpus, such as prompt injection. RAG-based search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeyu Shen , Basileal Imana , Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Prateek Mittal , Aleksandra Korolova

The growing ubiquity of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in several real-world services triggers severe concerns about their security. A RAG system improves the generative capabilities of a Large Language Models (LLM) by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Christian Di Maio , Cristian Cosci , Marco Maggini , Valentina Poggioni , Stefano Melacci

Various attack methods against recommender systems have been proposed in the past years, and the security issues of recommender systems have drawn considerable attention. Traditional attacks attempt to make target items recommended to as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dazhong Rong , Qinming He , Jianhai Chen

Personalized image generation is crucial for improving the user experience, as it renders reference images into preferred ones according to user visual preferences. Although effective, existing methods face two main issues. First, existing…

Accurately identifying adversarial techniques in security texts is critical for effective cyber defense. However, existing methods face a fundamental trade-off: they either rely on generic models with limited domain precision or require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ahmed Lekssays , Utsav Shukla , Husrev Taha Sencar , Md Rizwan Parvez