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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has attracted a large amount of attention from the machine learning research community in recent years due to its importance in deployed systems. Most of the previous studies focused on the detection of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Alon Zolfi , Guy Amit , Amit Baras , Satoru Koda , Ikuya Morikawa , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is committed to delineating the classification boundaries between in-distribution (ID) and OOD images. Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable OOD detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zhixia He , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Xintao Wu , Xujiang Zhao , Dong Li , Qin Tian , Linlin Yu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task that has garnered significant attention. The emergence of CLIP has spurred extensive research into zero-shot OOD detection, often employing a training-free approach. Current methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haoran Xu , Yanlin Liu , Zizhao Tong , Jiaze Li , Kexue Fu , Yuyang Zhang , Longxiang Gao , Shuaiguang Li , Xingyu Li , Yanran Xu , Changwei Wang

As machine learning models continue to achieve impressive performance across different tasks, the importance of effective anomaly detection for such models has increased as well. It is common knowledge that even well-trained models lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ramneet Kaur , Xiayan Ji , Souradeep Dutta , Michele Caprio , Yahan Yang , Elena Bernardis , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

LiDAR-based 3D object detection has become an essential part of automated driving due to its ability to localize and classify objects precisely in 3D. However, object detectors face a critical challenge when dealing with unknown foreground…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Michael Kösel , Marcel Schreiber , Michael Ulrich , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

How can models effectively detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in complex, multi-label settings without extensive retraining? Existing OOD detection methods struggle to capture the intricate semantic relationships and label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhendong Liu , Yi Nian , Yuehan Qin , Henry Peng Zou , Li Li , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

In the realm of task-oriented dialogue systems, a robust intent detection mechanism must effectively handle malformed utterances encountered in real-world scenarios. This study presents a novel fine-tuning framework for large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Bo Liu , Liming Zhan , Yujie Feng , Zexin Lu , Chengqiang Xie , Lei Xue , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the reliable and safe deployment of machine learning systems in the real world. Great progress has been made over the past years. This paper presents the first review of recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hao Lang , Yinhe Zheng , Yixuan Li , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for model reliability, as it identifies samples from unknown classes and reduces errors due to unexpected inputs. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP are emerging as powerful tools for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yabin Zhang , Wenjie Zhu , Chenhang He , Lei Zhang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning models in real-world applications. While zero-shot OOD detection, which requires no training on in-distribution (ID) data, has become…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yu Liu , Hao Tang , Haiqi Zhang , Jing Qin , Zechao Li

Given a classifier, the inherent property of semantic Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples is that their contents differ from all legal classes in terms of semantics, namely semantic mismatch. There is a recent work that directly applies it to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Ruiyuan Gao , Chenchen Zhao , Lanqing Hong , Qiang Xu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and reliability of deep neural networks in various applications. While there has been a growing focus on OOD detection in visual data, the field of textual OOD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Li-Ming Zhan , Bo Liu , Xiao-Ming Wu

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential in real-world applications, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing OOD detection methods require many labeled In-Distribution (ID) data, causing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yi-Xuan Sun , Wei Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging for deep learning models, particularly when test-time OOD samples differ significantly from training outliers. We propose OODD, a novel test-time OOD detection method that dynamically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yifeng Yang , Lin Zhu , Zewen Sun , Hengyu Liu , Qinying Gu , Nanyang Ye

Image classification plays a pivotal role across diverse applications, yet challenges persist when models are deployed in real-world scenarios. Notably, these models falter in detecting unfamiliar classes that were not incorporated during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Butian Xiong , Liguang Zhou , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection seeks to identify samples from unknown classes, a critical capability for deploying machine learning models in open-world scenarios. Recent research has demonstrated that Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhikang Xu , Qianqian Xu , Zitai Wang , Cong Hua , Sicong Li , Zhiyong Yang , Qingming Huang

In trustworthy medical diagnosis systems, integrating out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify unknown diseases in samples, thereby mitigating the risk of misdiagnosis. In this study, we propose a novel OOD detection framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Kanghao Chen , Qichao Chen , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

There are limited works showing the efficacy of unsupervised Out-of-Distribution (OOD) methods on complex medical data. Here, we present preliminary findings of our unsupervised OOD detection algorithm, SimCLR-LOF, as well as a recent state…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-10 Max Torop , Sandesh Ghimire , Wenqian Liu , Dana H. Brooks , Octavia Camps , Milind Rajadhyaksha , Jennifer Dy , Kivanc Kose

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safe deployment; however, existing detectors often struggle to generalize across datasets of varying scales and model architectures, and some can incur high computational costs in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Litian Liu , Yao Qin