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Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed training paradigm for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks by significantly reducing communication overhead. However, its deployment faces critical challenges, e.g., topology-induced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Jinhao Yi , Weijun Gao , Chong Han , Ozgur Gurbuz , Josep M. Jornet

The use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in the next generation (Next-G) communication systems has been gaining traction over the last few years due to their potential for providing global connectivity with low latency. Since they are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Sambrama , Venkata Srirama Rohit Kantheti , Liang C Chu , Erik Blasch , Shih-Chun Lin

The rapid deployment of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has drawn attention to the potential of nonterrestrial networks (NTN) in providing global communication services. Telecom operators are attempting to collaborate with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shaojie Su , Jiasheng Wu , Zijie Ying , Zhiyuan Zhao , Xiangyu Jia , Wenjun Zhu , Yue Gao

The deployment of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites with terrestrial networks can potentially increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of relaying content from a data center to a set of edge caches hosted by 6G and beyond enabled macro…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-24 Basem Abdellatif , Mostafa M. Shibl , Tamer Khattab , John Tadrous , Tarek ElFouly , Nizar Zorba

With the proliferation of distributed edge computing resources, the 6G mobile network will evolve into a network for connected intelligence. Along this line, the proposal to incorporate federated learning into the mobile edge has gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Zheng Lin , Guanqiao Qu , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

The increasing number of satellite deployments, both in the low and geostationary Earth orbit exacerbates the already ongoing scarcity of wireless resources when targeting ubiquitous connectivity. For the aim of supporting a massive number…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Marcel Grec , Federico Clazzer , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Andrea Munari , Gianluigi Liva , Petar Popovski

Detecting spoofing attacks to Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite systems is a cornerstone to assessing the authenticity of the received information and guaranteeing robust service delivery in several application domains. The solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jos Wigchert , Savio Sciancalepore , Gabriele Oligeri

Marine Internet of Things (IoT) systems have grown substantially with the development of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) via aerial and space vehicles in the upcoming sixth-generation (6G), thereby assisting environment protection, military…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Sooyeob Jung , Seongah Jeong , Jinkyu Kang , Joonhyuk Kang

Ensuring network resilience in 6G and beyond is essential to maintain service continuity during base station (BS) outages due to failures, disasters, attacks, or energy-saving operations. This paper proposes a novel resilience optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dinh-Hieu Tran , Nguyen Van Huynh , Van Nhan Vo , Madyan Alsenwi , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

In recent years, there has been increasing investment in the deployment of massive commercial Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations to provide global Internet connectivity. These constellations, now equipped with inter-satellite links, can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Miguel Rodríguez-Pérez , Sergio Herrería-Alonso , J. Carlos Lopez-Ardao , Andrés Suárez-González

We design deep neural networks (DNNs) and corresponding networks' splittings to distribute DNNs' workload to camera sensors and a centralized aggregator on head mounted devices to meet system performance targets in inference accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Xin Dong , Barbara De Salvo , Meng Li , Chiao Liu , Zhongnan Qu , H. T. Kung , Ziyun Li

Machine learning techniques using proper elements to reconnect families of satellite fragmentation debris have recently advanced, becoming key to space sustainability and domain awareness. However, an evolving circumterrestrial environment…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-17 Michael Ling , Yang Yang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, each comprising a large number of satellites, have become a new source of big data "from the sky". Downloading such data to a ground station (GS) for big data analytics demands very high bandwidth and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations into 5G and Beyond is essential to achieve truly global connectivity. A distinctive characteristic of LEO mega constellations is that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Fabio Saggese , Lintao Li , Petar Popovski

Terrestrial network limitations drive the integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), notably mega-constellations comprising thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. While these satellites act as interconnected network switches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sivaram Krishnan , Bassel Al Homssi , Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Sung-Min Oh , Jinho Choi

In this letter, we propose an energy-efficient split learning (SL) framework for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using geo-distributed personal data at the network edge, where LLMs are split and alternately across massive mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zuguang Li , Shaohua Wu , Liang Li , Songge Zhang

In this paper, we propose scalable distributed beamforming schemes over low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks that rely solely on statistical channel state information for downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Yuchen Zhang , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Recently, a large number of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have been launched and deployed successfully in space by commercial companies, such as SpaceX. Due to multimodal sensors equipped by the LEO satellites, they serve not only for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Xianhao Chen , Xiong Wang , Yue Gao

The continuous scaling of deep neural networks has fundamentally transformed machine learning, with larger models demonstrating improved performance across diverse tasks. This growth in model size has dramatically increased the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuki Oda , Yuta Ono , Hiroshi Nakamura , Hideki Takase

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Earth Observation (EO) satellites have changed the way we monitor Earth. Acting like moving cameras, EO satellites are formed in constellations with different missions and priorities, and capture vast data that needs…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xiaojian Wang , Ruozhou Yu , Dejun Yang , Guoliang Xue