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Spectral embedding finds vector representations of the nodes of a network, based on the eigenvectors of a properly constructed matrix, and has found applications throughout science and technology. Many networks are multipartite, meaning…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-27 Alexander Modell , Ian Gallagher , Joshua Cape , Patrick Rubin-Delanchy

Graph embedding seeks to build a low-dimensional representation of a graph G. This low-dimensional representation is then used for various downstream tasks. One popular approach is Laplacian Eigenmaps, which constructs a graph embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Leo Torres , Kevin S Chan , Tina Eliassi-Rad

Large-scale multimodal contrastive learning has recently achieved impressive success in learning rich and transferable representations, yet it remains fundamentally limited by the uniform treatment of feature dimensions and the neglect of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jinjin Guo , Yexin Li , Zhichao Huang , Jun Fang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chao Liu , Pengzhang Liu , Qixia Jiang

Data acquired from multi-channel sensors is a highly valuable asset to interpret the environment for a variety of remote sensing applications. However, low spatial resolution is a critical limitation for previous sensors and the constituent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Savas Ozkan , Berk Kaya , Gozde Bozdagi Akar

Hyperspectral Imagery (and Remote Sensing in general) captured from UAVs or satellites are highly voluminous in nature due to the large spatial extent and wavelengths captured by them. Since analyzing these images requires a huge amount of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Megh Shukla , Biplab Banerjee , Krishna Mohan Buddhiraju

We introduce an unsupervised graph embedding that trades off local node similarity and connectivity, and global structure. The embedding is based on a generalized graph Laplacian, whose eigenvectors compactly capture both network structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Shay Deutsch , Stefano Soatto

Multi-dimensional data exploration is a classic research topic in visualization. Most existing approaches are designed for identifying record patterns in dimensional space or subspace. In this paper, we propose a visual analytics approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Peng Xie , Wenyuan Tao , Jie Li , Wentao Huang , Siming Chen

Neighbour embeddings (NE) allow the representation of high dimensional datasets into lower dimensional spaces and are often used in data visualisation. In practice, accelerated approximations are employed to handle very large datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Pierre Lambert , Edouard Couplet , Michel Verleysen , John Aldo Lee

The graph embedding (GE) methods have been widely applied for dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral imagery (HSI). However, a major challenge of GE is how to choose proper neighbors for graph construction and explore the spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Hong Huang , Guangyao Shi , Haibo He , Yule Duan , Fulin Luo

In this paper, we study the convergence of the spectral embeddings obtained from the leading eigenvectors of certain similarity matrices to their population counterparts. We opt to study this convergence in a uniform (instead of average)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Ruofei Zhao , Songkai Xue , Yuekai Sun

Incorporating symmetries can lead to highly data-efficient and generalizable models by defining equivalence classes of data samples related by transformations. However, characterizing how transformations act on input data is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Jung Yeon Park , Ondrej Biza , Linfeng Zhao , Jan Willem van de Meent , Robin Walters

tSNE and UMAP are popular dimensionality reduction algorithms due to their speed and interpretable low-dimensional embeddings. Despite their popularity, however, little work has been done to study their full span of differences. We…

Dimension reduction and data visualization aim to project a high-dimensional dataset to a low-dimensional space while capturing the intrinsic structures in the data. It is an indispensable part of modern data science, and many dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-26 Rong Ma , Eric D. Sun , James Zou

Network embedding has numerous practical applications and has received extensive attention in graph learning, which aims at mapping vertices into a low-dimensional and continuous dense vector space by preserving the underlying structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Longlong Lin , Yunfeng Yu , Zihao Wang , Zeli Wang , Yuying Zhao , Jin Zhao , Tao Jia

Spectral embedding uses eigenfunctions of the discrete Laplacian on a weighted graph to obtain coordinates for an embedding of an abstract data set into Euclidean space. We propose a new pre-processing step of first using the eigenfunctions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-18 Alexander Cloninger , Stefan Steinerberger

Unsupervised localization and segmentation are long-standing computer vision challenges that involve decomposing an image into semantically-meaningful segments without any labeled data. These tasks are particularly interesting in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Luke Melas-Kyriazi , Christian Rupprecht , Iro Laina , Andrea Vedaldi

There is a large variety of machine learning methodologies that are based on the extraction of spectral geometric information from data. However, the implementations of many of these methods often depend on traditional eigensolvers, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Chenghui Li , Rishi Sonthalia , Nicolas Garcia Trillos

Dimensionality reduction is critical for deploying dense retrieval systems at scale, yet mainstream post-hoc methods face a fundamental trade-off: principal component analysis (PCA) preserves dominant variance but underutilizes…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yongkang Li , Panagiotis Eustratiadis , Evangelos Kanoulas

Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is one of the state-of-the-art methods for dimensionality reduction and data visualization. This is a tutorial and survey paper on UMAP and its variants. We start with UMAP algorithm…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

In deep neural nets, lower level embedding layers account for a large portion of the total number of parameters. Tikhonov regularization, graph-based regularization, and hard parameter sharing are approaches that introduce explicit biases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Liwei Wu , Shuqing Li , Cho-Jui Hsieh , James Sharpnack