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Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting in continual learning: after learning new tasks sequentially, they perform worse on earlier tasks. Existing methods mitigate catastrophic forgetting by data replay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yazheng Liu , Yuxuan Wan , Rui Xu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie , Hui Xiong

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is plagued by long training times and massive energy consumption, with modern models requiring months of computation and gigawatt-hours of electricity. In light of these challenges,we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Nii Osae Osae Dade , Moinul Hossain Rahat

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. No work has questioned whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Huan Wang , Yizhou Wang , Qihua Dong , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Catastrophic forgetting remains a formidable obstacle to building an omniscient model in large language models (LLMs). Despite the pioneering research on task-level forgetting in LLM fine-tuning, there is scant focus on forgetting during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Chonghua Liao , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Haowen Sun , Zhanhui Kang

When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ three popular training approaches: Masked Language Models (MLM), Causal Language Models (CLM), and Sequence-to-Sequence Models (seq2seq). However, each approach has its strengths and limitations, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Bo Li , Rick Stevens

In recent years, continual learning with pre-training (CLPT) has received widespread interest, instead of its traditional focus of training from scratch. The use of strong pre-trained models (PTMs) can greatly facilitate knowledge transfer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Gengwei Zhang , Liyuan Wang , Guoliang Kang , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei

We propose a constraint learning schema for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with attribute control. Given a training corpus and control criteria formulated as a sequence-level constraint on model outputs, our method fine-tunes the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Tao Meng , Ninareh Mehrabi , Palash Goyal , Anil Ramakrishna , Aram Galstyan , Richard Zemel , Kai-Wei Chang , Rahul Gupta , Charith Peris

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks using Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven to be an effective approach. However, LLMs do not inherently define the structure of an agent for RL training, particularly in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Chengxing Jia , Ziniu Li , Pengyuan Wang , Yi-Chen Li , Zhenyu Hou , Yuxiao Dong , Yang Yu

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is a critical step for enhancing the instruction-following capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and adapting them to specialized domains. However, SFT often leads to a degradation of the model's general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Fei Ding , Baiqiao Wang

While current large language models (LLMs) perform well on many knowledge-related tasks, they are limited by relying on their parameters as an implicit storage mechanism. As a result, they struggle with memorizing rare events and with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ali Modarressi , Abdullatif Köksal , Ayyoob Imani , Mohsen Fayyaz , Hinrich Schütze

The applications of large language models (LLMs) have been widely spread across all domains. However, the basic abilities such as the controllability of LLMs are still limited. To address this, we propose "Self-controller", a novel agentic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Xiao Peng , Xufan Geng

Code language models (CLMs) play a central role in software engineering across both generation and classification tasks. However, these models still exhibit notable mispredictions in real-world applications, even when trained on up-to-date…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ravishka Rathnasuriya , Wei Yang

Large language models (LLMs) pretrained on vast source code have achieved prominent progress in code intelligence. However, existing code LLMs have two main limitations in terms of architecture and pretraining tasks. First, they often adopt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yue Wang , Hung Le , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Nghi D. Q. Bui , Junnan Li , Steven C. H. Hoi

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) to specialize in downstream tasks, with the Cross Entropy (CE) loss being the de facto choice. However, CE maximizes the likelihood of observed data without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ziniu Li , Congliang Chen , Tian Xu , Zeyu Qin , Jiancong Xiao , Zhi-Quan Luo , Ruoyu Sun

To acquire instruction-following capabilities, large language models (LLMs) undergo instruction tuning, where they are trained on instruction-response pairs using next-token prediction (NTP). Efforts to improve instruction tuning often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuxin Xiao , Shujian Zhang , Wenxuan Zhou , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Sanqiang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a wide range of language tasks. However, their reasoning process is primarily guided by statistical patterns in training data, which limits their ability to handle novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hong Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically fine-tuned for reasoning tasks through a two-stage pipeline of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by Reinforcement Learning (RL), a process fraught with catastrophic forgetting and suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lixuan He , Jie Feng , Yong Li

Existing efforts to improve logical reasoning ability of language models have predominantly relied on supervised fine-tuning, hindering generalization to new domains and/or tasks. The development of Large Langauge Models (LLMs) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangkai Jiao , Zhiyang Teng , Bosheng Ding , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen , Shafiq Joty
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