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Modeling hierarchical latent dynamics behind time series data is critical for capturing temporal dependencies across multiple levels of abstraction in real-world tasks. However, existing temporal causal representation learning methods fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zijian Li , Minghao Fu , Junxian Huang , Yifan Shen , Ruichu Cai , Yuewen Sun , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

Temporal graphs are structures which model relational data between entities that change over time. Due to the complex structure of data, mining statistically significant temporal subgraphs, also known as temporal motifs, is a challenging…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Antonio Longa , Giulia Cencetti , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini

Causal discovery methods can identify valid adjustment sets for causal effect estimation for a pair of target variables, even when the underlying causal graph is unknown. Global causal discovery methods focus on learning the whole causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-01 Mátyás Schubert , Tom Claassen , Sara Magliacane

Causality analysis is an important problem lying at the heart of science, and is of particular importance in data science and machine learning. An endeavor during the past 16 years viewing causality as real physical notion so as to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-26 X. San Liang

We introduce the Salesforce CausalAI Library, an open-source library for causal analysis using observational data. It supports causal discovery and causal inference for tabular and time series data, of discrete, continuous and heterogeneous…

Causal discovery is challenging in general dynamical systems because, without strong structural assumptions, the underlying causal graph may not be identifiable even from interventional data. However, many real-world systems exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Panayiotis Panayiotou , Özgür Şimşek

The growing availability and importance of time series data across various domains, including environmental science, epidemiology, and economics, has led to an increasing need for time-series causal discovery methods that can identify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Omar Faruque , Sahara Ali , Xue Zheng , Jianwu Wang

Nowadays, networks are almost ubiquitous. In the past decade, community detection received an increasing interest as a way to uncover the structure of networks by grouping nodes into communities more densely connected internally than…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Erwan Le Martelot , Chris Hankin

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the most effective approach to causal discovery, but in many circumstances it is impossible to conduct RCTs. Therefore observational studies based on passively observed data are widely accepted as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Jiuyong Li , Thuc Duy Le , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu , Zhou Jin , Bingyu Sun , Saisai Ma

Causal structure discovery from observational data is fundamental to the causal understanding of autonomous systems such as medical decision support systems, advertising campaigns and self-driving cars. This is essential to solve well-known…

Most existing causal discovery methods rely on the assumption of no latent confounders, limiting their applicability in solving real-life problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel, versatile framework for causal discovery that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xinshuai Dong , Biwei Huang , Ignavier Ng , Xiangchen Song , Yujia Zheng , Songyao Jin , Roberto Legaspi , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Causal inference from observational data plays critical role in many applications in trustworthy machine learning. While sound and complete algorithms exist to compute causal effects, many of them assume access to conditional likelihoods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Md Musfiqur Rahman , Matt Jordan , Murat Kocaoglu

Learning the structure of causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is useful in many areas of machine learning and artificial intelligence, with wide applications. However, in the high-dimensional setting, it is challenging to obtain good…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Stephen Smith , Qing Zhou

Hypergraphs have the capacity to capture higher-dimensional relationships among entities across various domains, making them a subject of growing interest within the research community for understanding the structure and dynamics of complex…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Marco Gregnanin , Johannes De Smedt , Giorgio Gnecco , Maurizio Parton

This paper proposes an approach facilitating co-design of causal graphs between subject matter experts and statistical modellers. Modern causal analysis starting with formulation of causal graphs provides benefits for robust analysis and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-02 Eli Y. Kling

We develop a criterion to certify whether causal effects are identifiable in linear structural equation models with latent variables. Linear structural equation models correspond to directed graphs whose nodes represent the random variables…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-25 Nils Sturma , Mathias Drton

In this work, we formalize the problem of causal inference over graph-based relational time-series data where each node in the graph has one or more time-series associated to it. We propose causal inference models for this problem that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Ryan Rossi , Somdeb Sarkhel , Nesreen Ahmed

Causal discovery, the task of inferring causal structure from data, has the potential to uncover mechanistic insights from biological experiments, especially those involving perturbations. However, causal discovery algorithms over larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Menghua Wu , Yujia Bao , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

This paper considers inference of causal structure in a class of graphical models called "conditional DAGs". These are directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with two kinds of variables, primary and secondary. The secondary variables are used…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-12 Chris J. Oates , Jim Q. Smith , Sach Mukherjee

In recent years, many methods have been developed for detecting causal relationships in observational data. Some of them have the potential to tackle large data sets. However, these methods fail to discover a combined cause, i.e. a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-10-16 Saisai Ma , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Thuc Duy Le