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External human-machine interface (eHMI) is considered as a new explicit communication method for pedestrian-AV interactions, particularly in encounter scenarios. Pedestrians without prior negotiation experience with eHMI may misinterpret…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Hailong Liu , Takatsugu Hirayama

Unresolved questions about how autonomous vehicles (AVs) should meet the informational needs of riders hinder real-world adoption. Complicating our ability to satisfy rider needs is that different people, goals, and driving contexts have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Robert Kaufman

As autonomous vehicles are gradually being deployed in the real world, external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) are expected to serve as a critical solution for enhancing vehicle-pedestrian communication. However, existing eHMI designs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jialong Li , Zhenyu Mao , Zhiyao Wang , Yijun Lu , Shogo Morita , Nianyu Li , Kenji Tei

Level 3 automated vehicles (AVs) issue a request to intervene (RtI) when the automated driving system approaches its system limitations. Although this takeover transition is safety-critical, it is usually invisible to surrounding manually…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hailong Liu , Masaki Kuge , Toshihiro Hiraoka , Takahiro Wada

External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) are widely used on robots and autonomous vehicles to convey the machine's intent to humans. Delivery robots are getting common, and they share the sidewalk along with the pedestrians. Current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Shyam Sundar Kannan , Ahreum Lee , Byung-Cheol Min

As vehicle automation technology continues to mature, there is a necessity for robust remote monitoring and intervention features. These are essential for intervening during vehicle malfunctions, challenging road conditions, or in areas…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mark Colley , Jonathan Westhauser , Jonas Andersson , Alexander G. Mirnig , Enrico Rukzio

Interacting with pedestrians understandably and efficiently is one of the toughest challenges faced by autonomous vehicles (AVs) due to the limitations of current algorithms and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs). In this paper, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Xiang Chang , Zihe Chen , Xiaoyan Dong , Yuxin Cai , Tingmin Yan , Haolin Cai , Zherui Zhou , Guyue Zhou , Jiangtao Gong

External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) are critical for seamless interactions between autonomous vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians in shared spaces. However, they often struggle to adapt to these environments, where pedestrian movement is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Le Yue , Tram Thi Minh Tran , Xinyan Yu , Marius Hoggenmueller

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) tend to disrupt the atmosphere and pedestrian experience in urban shared spaces, undermining the focus of these spaces on people and placemaking. We investigate how external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yiyuan Wang , Martin Tomitsch , Marius Hoggenmüller , Senuri Wijenayake , Wai Yan , Luke Hespanhol

Automated vehicle (AV) acceptance relies on their understanding via feedback. While visualizations aim to enhance user understanding of AV's detection, prediction, and planning functionalities, establishing an optimal design is challenging.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Pascal Jansen , Mark Colley , Svenja Krauß , Daniel Hirschle , Enrico Rukzio

As autonomous driving technology evolves, ensuring the stability and safety of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) through alignment with human values becomes increasingly crucial. While existing research emphasizes the adherence of AI to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Boyao Peng , Linkun Liu

In recent years, researchers and manufacturers have started to investigate ways to enable autonomous vehicles (AVs) to interact with nearby pedestrians in compensation for the absence of human drivers. The majority of these efforts focuses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Yiyuan Wang , Luke Hespanhol , Martin Tomitsch

Given pedestrians' vulnerability in road traffic, it remains unclear how novel AV appearances will impact pedestrians crossing behaviour. To address this gap, this study pioneers an investigation into the influence of AVs' exterior design,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Wei Lyu , Yaqin Cao , Yi Ding , Jingyu Li , Kai Tian , Hui Zhang

Despite the advances in the autonomous driving domain, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are still inefficient and limited in terms of cooperating with each other or coordinating with vehicles operated by humans. A group of autonomous and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Dorsa Sadigh , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology is advancing rapidly, promising a significant shift in road transportation safety and potentially resolving various complex transportation issues. With the increasing deployment of AVs by various…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Ahmed Abdelrahman

The integration of automated vehicles (AVs) into transportation systems presents an unprecedented opportunity to enhance road safety and efficiency. However, understanding the interactions between AVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs) at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Saeed Rahmani , Zhenlin Xu , Simeon C. Calvert , Bart van Arem

Highly automated vehicles represent one of the most crucial development efforts in the automotive industry. In addition to the use of research vehicles, production vehicles for the general public are realistic in the near future. However,…

In the autonomous driving area, interaction between vehicles is still a piece of puzzle which has not been fully resolved. The ability to intelligently and safely interact with other vehicles can not only improve self driving quality but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-27 Cheng Peng , Masayoshi Tomizuka

The capabilities of automated vehicles are advancing rapidly, yet achieving full autonomy remains a significant challenge, requiring ongoing human cognition in decision-making processes. Incorporating human cognition into control algorithms…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-12 Abu Jafar Md Muzahid , Xiaopeng Zhao , Zhenbo Wang

Vehicle platooning enables close-gap driving and offers potential benefits for traffic efficiency and safety. In conditionally automated platooning, drivers remain responsible for supervising the system and intervening when necessary,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anna-Lena Hager , Mohamed Sabry , Walter Morales-Alvarez , Selena Möhrlein , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal