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Efficient neural networks (NNs) leveraging lookup tables (LUTs) have demonstrated significant potential for emerging AI applications, particularly when deployed on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for edge computing. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Marta Andronic , George A. Constantinides

We propose a framework for the design, optimization, and implementation of Look-Up Tables (LUTs) used to recover noisy, oversampled, quantized signals given a parametric input model. The LUTs emulate the spectral effects of pre-quantization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Morriel Kasher , Michael Tinston , Predrag Spasojevic

This paper presents a novel approach for performing computations using Look-Up Tables (LUTs) tailored specifically for Compute-in-Memory applications. The aim is to address the scalability challenges associated with LUT-based computation by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Peyman Dehghanzadeh , Baibhab Chatterjee , Swarup Bhunia

There has been a rapid advance of custom hardware (HW) for accelerating the inference speed of deep neural networks (DNNs). Previously, the softmax layer was not a main concern of DNN accelerating HW, because its portion is relatively small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ihor Vasyltsov , Wooseok Chang

With unprecedented rapid development, deep neural networks (DNNs) have deeply influenced almost all fields. However, their heavy computation costs and model sizes are usually unacceptable in real-world deployment. Model quantization, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Kai Liu , Qian Zheng , Kaiwen Tao , Zhiteng Li , Haotong Qin , Wenbo Li , Yong Guo , Xianglong Liu , Linghe Kong , Guihai Chen , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) accelerators have proven successful in handling latency- and resource-critical deep neural network (DNN) inference tasks. Among the most computationally intensive operations in a neural network (NN) is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Marta Andronic , George A. Constantinides

Research has shown that deep neural networks contain significant redundancy, and thus that high classification accuracy can be achieved even when weights and activations are quantized down to binary values. Network binarization on FPGAs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Erwei Wang , James J. Davis , Peter Y. K. Cheung , George A. Constantinides

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, while the expensive memory and computation consumption impede their practical deployment. Quantization emerges as one of the most effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Hong Chen , Chengtao Lv , Liang Ding , Haotong Qin , Xiabin Zhou , Yifu Ding , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Jinyang Guo , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

In recent years Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been rapidly developed in various applications, together with increasingly complex architectures. The performance gain of these DNNs generally comes with high computational costs and large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Yiren Zhou , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Ngai-Man Cheung , Pascal Frossard

The high inference demands of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) pose substantial challenges in their deployment. To this end, we introduce Neural Block Linearization (NBL), a novel framework for accelerating transformer model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mete Erdogan , Francesco Tonin , Volkan Cevher

A lot of recent progress has been made in ultra low-bit quantization, promising significant improvements in latency, memory footprint and energy consumption on edge devices. Quantization methods such as Learned Step Size Quantization can…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities as their scale expands to billions of parameters. Deploying these large-scale models on resource-constrained platforms presents significant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Keran Zheng , Yinting Huang , Zhewen Yu , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

The widespread use of high-definition screens in edge devices, such as end-user cameras, smartphones, and televisions, is spurring a significant demand for image enhancement. Existing enhancement models often optimize for high performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sidi Yang , Binxiao Huang , Mingdeng Cao , Yatai Ji , Hanzhong Guo , Ngai Wong , Yujiu Yang

Low-bit quantization of network weights and activations can drastically reduce the memory footprint, complexity, energy consumption and latency of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, low-bit quantization can also cause a considerable drop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Ghouthi Boukli Hacene , Lukas Mauch , Stefan Uhlich , Fabien Cardinaux

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by memory bandwidth, where the primary bottleneck is the cost of transferring model parameters from the GPU's global memory to its registers. When coupled with custom…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Han Guo , William Brandon , Radostin Cholakov , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley , Eric P. Xing , Yoon Kim

3D color lookup tables (LUTs) enable precise color manipulation by mapping input RGB values to specific output RGB values. 3D LUTs are instrumental in various applications, including video editing, in-camera processing, photographic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Vahid Zehtab , David B. Lindell , Marcus A. Brubaker , Michael S. Brown

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) typically require massive amount of computation resource in inference tasks for computer vision applications. Quantization can significantly reduce DNN computation and storage by decreasing the bitwidth of…

Lookup tables (LUTs) are frequently used to efficiently store arrays of precomputed values for complex mathematical computations. When used in the context of neural networks, these functions exhibit a lack of recognizable patterns which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Oliver Cassidy , Marta Andronic , Samuel Coward , George A. Constantinides

Recently, several look-up table (LUT) methods were developed to greatly expedite the inference of CNNs in a classical strategy of trading space for speed. However, these LUT methods suffer from a common drawback of limited receptive field…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xi Zhang , Xiaolin Wu

Quantization is a technique to reduce the computation and memory cost of DNN models, which are getting increasingly large. Existing quantization solutions use fixed-point integer or floating-point types, which have limited benefits, as both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Cong Guo , Chen Zhang , Jingwen Leng , Zihan Liu , Fan Yang , Yunxin Liu , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu