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Water-in-Salt-Electrolytes (WiSEs) are a promising class of next-generation electrolytes. Unlike classical dilute electrolytes or more conventional battery electrolytes, WiSEs are characterised by their super-concentrated salt concentration…

Ionic liquids (ILs) are an extremely exciting class of electrolytes for energy storage applications because of their unique combination of properties. Upon dissolving alkali metal salts, such as Li or Na based salts, with the same anion as…

Water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) are a class of super-concentrated electrolytes that have shown much promise in replacing organic electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries. At the extremely high salt concentrations of WiSEs, ionic association…

One challenge in developing the next generation of lithium-ion batteries is the replacement of organic electrolytes, which are flammable and most often contain toxic and thermally unstable lithium salts, with safer, environmentally friendly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-21 Michael McEldrew , Zachary A. H. Goodwin , Alexei A. Kornyshev , Martin Z. Bazant

The structure and thickness of the electrical double layer (EDL) at carbon electrodes strongly influence electrochemical performance, yet remain poorly understood in super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes. Here we combine classical and…

Understanding the bulk and interfacial properties of super-concentrated electrolytes, such as ionic liquids (ILs), has attracted significant attention lately for their promising applications in supercapacitors and batteries. Recently,…

Here we investigate a limiting case of the theory for aggregation and gelation in the electrical double layer (EDL) of ionic liquids (ILs). The limiting case investigated only accounts for ion pairs, ignoring the possibility of larger…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-09-09 Zachary A. H. Goodwin , Alexei A. Kornyshev

Understanding the electrical double layer (EDL), i.e, the distribution of electrolyte at an electrified interface, in concentrated electrolytes is important for various technologies, such as supercapacitors, batteries and electrocatalysis.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-01 Zachary A. H. Goodwin

Modelling electrolytes accurately on both a nanoscale and cell level can contribute to improving battery chemistries.[Armand and Tarascon, Nature, 2008, 451, 652-657] We previously presented a thermodynamic continuum model for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Constantin Schwetlick , Max Schammer , Arnulf Latz , Birger Horstmann

Ionic liquids (ILs) are appealing electrolytes for their favorable physicochemical properties. However, despite their longstanding use, understanding the capacitive behavior of ILs remains challenging. This is largely due to the formation…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-01-02 YeongKyu Lee , JunBeom Cho , Yongkyu Lee , Won Bo Lee , YongSeok Jho

In electrochemical systems, the structure of electrical double layers (EDLs) near electrode surfaces is crucial for energy conversion and storage functions. While the electrodes in real-world systems are usually heterogeneous, to date the…

Electrical double layers (EDLs) arise when an electrolyte is in contact with a charged surface, and are encountered in several application areas including batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalytic reactors, and colloids. In the modeling…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-08-24 Aniruddha Seal , Utkarsh Tiwari , Ankur Gupta , Ananth Govind Rajan

The electric double layer (EDL) that forms at the interface between metals and ionic solutions is at the heart of various energy technologies. Recent experimental data have challenged our traditional understanding of the EDL charging…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-05 Nils Bruch , Michael Eikerling , Tobias Binninger

The exponentially growing market of electrochemical energy storage devices requires substitution of flammable, volatile, and toxic electrolytes. The use of Water in salt solutions (WiSE) regarded as green electrolyte might be of interest…

In concentrated electrolytes with asymmetric or irregular ions, such as ionic liquids and solvent-in-salt electrolytes, ion association is more complicated than simple ion-pairing. Large branched aggregates can form at significant…

Ionic behaviors, including ion distributions and hydration characteristics at solid-liquid interfaces, are important research interests in many important applications, such as electric double-layer capacitors and water lubrication. Here, we…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Bowen Ai , Zekun Gong , Long Ma , Hongwen Zhang , Tianyi Sui , Yinghua Qiu

The electrical double layer (EDL) at aqueous solution-metal oxide interfaces critically affects many fundamental processes in electrochemistry, geology and biology, yet understanding its microscopic structure is challenging for both theory…

Liquid electrolytes in batteries are typically treated as macroscopically homogeneous ionic transport media despite having complex chemical composition and atomistic solvation structures, leaving a knowledge gap of microstructural…

The ongoing scientific interest in the properties and structure of electric double layers (EDLs) stems from their pivotal role in (super)capacitive energy storage, energy harvesting, and water treatment technologies. Classical density…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-04-28 Andreas Härtel , Sela Samin , Rene van Roij

Temperature dependence of the capacitance of the electrical double layer (EDL) in concentrated electrolytes/ionic liquids has been under debates for decades. To rationalise the capacitance vs temperature dependence, we run molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-26 Vladislav B Ivaništšev , Kathleen Kirchner , Maxim V. Fedorov
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