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While large language models (LLMs) have taken great strides towards helping humans with a plethora of tasks, hallucinations remain a major impediment towards gaining user trust. The fluency and coherence of model generations even when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Ben Snyder , Marius Moisescu , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

In modern dialogue systems, the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has grown exponentially due to their capacity to generate diverse, relevant, and creative responses. Despite their strengths, striking a balance between the LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Chen Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as epistemic partners in everyday reasoning, yet their errors remain predominantly analyzed through predictive metrics rather than through their interpretive effects on human judgment. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Claudia Vale Oliveira , Nelson Zagalo , Filipe Silva , Anabela Brandao , Syeda Faryal Hussain Khurrum , Joaquim Santos

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in late 2022 has impacted academic writing, threatening credibility, and causing institutional uncertainty. We seek to determine the degree to which LLMs are used to generate critical text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Soren DeHaan , Yuanze Liu , Johan Bollen , Sa'ul A. Blanco

The troubling rise of hallucination presents perhaps the most significant impediment to the advancement of responsible AI. In recent times, considerable research has focused on detecting and mitigating hallucination in Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Anku Rani , Vipula Rawte , Harshad Sharma , Neeraj Anand , Krishnav Rajbangshi , Amit Sheth , Amitava Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly capable but require significant computational resources for both training and inference. Within the LLM family, smaller models (those with fewer than 10 billion parameters) also perform well across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Chongren Sun , Yuran Li , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

The rapid advancement of generative models has intensified the challenge of detecting and interpreting visual forgeries, necessitating robust frameworks for image forgery detection while providing reasoning as well as localization. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ipsita Praharaj , Yukta Butala , Badrikanath Praharaj , Yash Butala

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful foundational models to solve a variety of tasks, they have also been shown to be prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating responses that sound confident but are actually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiawei Li , Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Attribution is a key concept in large language models (LLMs) as it enables control over information sources and enhances the factuality of LLMs. While existing approaches utilize open book question answering to improve attribution, factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Abdullatif Köksal , Renat Aksitov , Chung-Ching Chang

Large language model (LLM) research has grown rapidly, along with increasing concern about their limitations. In this survey, we conduct a data-driven, semi-automated review of research on limitations of LLMs (LLLMs) from 2022 to early 2025…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Aida Kostikova , Zhipin Wang , Deidamea Bajri , Ole Pütz , Benjamin Paaßen , Steffen Eger

Large language model (LLM) systems suffer from the models' unstable ability to generate valid and factual content, resulting in hallucination generation. Current hallucination detection methods heavily rely on out-of-model information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Peiran Wang , Yang Liu , Yunfei Lu , Jue Hong , Ye Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown proficiency in question-answering tasks but often struggle to integrate real-time knowledge, leading to potentially outdated or inaccurate responses. This problem becomes even more challenging when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yucheng Shi , Qiaoyu Tan , Xuansheng Wu , Shaochen Zhong , Kaixiong Zhou , Ninghao Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language comprehension and generation but are prone to hallucinations, producing factually incorrect or unsupported outputs. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address this issue by grounding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chandana Sree Mala , Gizem Gezici , Fosca Giannotti

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, not only in generating human-like text, but also in acquiring knowledge. This highlights the need to go beyond the typical Natural Language Processing downstream benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ahmad Mustapha , Hadi Al-Khansa , Hadi Al-Mubasher , Aya Mourad , Ranam Hamoud , Hasan El-Husseini , Marwah Al-Sakkaf , Mariette Awad

Knowledge syntheses (literature reviews) are essential to health professions education (HPE), consolidating findings to advance theory and practice. However, they are labor-intensive, especially during data extraction. Artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xi Long , Christy Boscardin , Lauren A. Maggio , Joseph A. Costello , Ralph Gonzales , Rasmyah Hammoudeh , Ki Lai , Yoon Soo Park , Brian C. Gin

Like students facing hard exam questions, large language models sometimes guess when uncertain, producing plausible yet incorrect statements instead of admitting uncertainty. Such "hallucinations" persist even in state-of-the-art systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Adam Tauman Kalai , Ofir Nachum , Santosh S. Vempala , Edwin Zhang

Despite the many advances of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their unprecedented rapid evolution, their impact and integration into every facet of our daily lives is limited due to various reasons. One critical factor hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yakir Yehuda , Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Jonathan Weill , Royi Ronen , Noam Koenigstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for accessing information on the web. Their truthfulness and factuality are thus of great interest. To help users make the right decisions about the information they get, LLMs should not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Chenglei Si , Navita Goyal , Sherry Tongshuang Wu , Chen Zhao , Shi Feng , Hal Daumé , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Hypothesis generation is a fundamental step in scientific discovery, yet it is increasingly challenged by information overload and disciplinary fragmentation. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in…

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