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With the turmoil in cybersecurity and the mind-blowing advances in AI, it is only natural that cybersecurity practitioners consider further employing learning techniques to help secure their organizations and improve the efficiency of their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Ricardo Morla

This paper explores the tension between openness and prudence in AI research, evident in two core principles of the Montr\'eal Declaration for Responsible AI. While the AI community has strong norms around open sharing of research, concerns…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Jess Whittlestone , Aviv Ovadya

AI expansion has accelerated workplace adoption of new technologies. Yet, it is unclear whether and how knowledge workers are supported and trained to safely use AI. Inadequate training may lead to unrealized benefits if workers abandon…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Angie Zhang , Min Kyung Lee

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems proliferate, the need for systematic, transparent, and actionable processes for evaluating them is growing. While many resources exist to support AI evaluation, they have several limitations. Few…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Rachel M. Kim , Blaine Kuehnert , Alice Lai , Kenneth Holstein , Hoda Heidari , Rayid Ghani

The development of privacy-enhancing technologies has made immense progress in reducing trade-offs between privacy and performance in data exchange and analysis. Similar tools for structured transparency could be useful for AI governance by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Emma Bluemke , Tantum Collins , Ben Garfinkel , Andrew Trask

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are being deployed around the globe in critical fields such as healthcare and education. In some cases, expert practitioners in these domains are being tasked with introducing or using such systems, but…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Iain Barclay , Will Abramson

Most frontier AI developers publicly document their safety evaluations of new AI models in model reports, including testing for chemical and biological (ChemBio) misuse risks. This practice provides a window into the methodology of these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tom Reed , Tegan McCaslin , Luca Righetti

A comprehensive approach to addressing catastrophic risks from AI models should cover the full model lifecycle. This paper explores contingency plans for cases where pre-deployment risk management falls short: where either very dangerous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Joe O'Brien , Shaun Ee , Zoe Williams

This paper explores the rapidly evolving ecosystem of publicly available AI models, and their potential implications on the security and safety landscape. As AI models become increasingly prevalent, understanding their potential risks and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Huzaifa Sidhpurwala , Garth Mollett , Emily Fox , Mark Bestavros , Huamin Chen

The proliferation of AI has sparked privacy concerns related to training data, model interfaces, downstream applications, and more. We interviewed 25 AI developers based in Europe to understand which privacy threats they believe pose the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Alexandra Klymenko , Stephen Meisenbacher , Patrick Gage Kelley , Sai Teja Peddinti , Kurt Thomas , Florian Matthes

Over the past year, there has been a robust debate about the benefits and risks of open sourcing foundation models. However, this discussion has often taken place at a high level of generality or with a narrow focus on specific technical…

The downstream use cases, benefits, and risks of AI models depend significantly on what sort of access is provided to the model, and who it is provided to. Though existing safety frameworks and AI developer usage policies recognise that the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Edward Kembery , Tom Reed

We propose that future AI transparency and accountability regulations are based on an open global standard for exchanging information about AI systems, which allows co-existence of potentially conflicting local regulations. Then, we discuss…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Warren Buckley , Adrian Byrne , Nicholas Perello , Cyrus Cousins , Taha Yasseri , Yair Zick , Przemyslaw Grabowicz

Recent work has demonstrated the plausibility of frontier AI models scheming -- knowingly and covertly pursuing an objective misaligned with its developer's intentions. Such behavior could be very hard to detect, and if present in future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Mary Phuong , Roland S. Zimmermann , Ziyue Wang , David Lindner , Victoria Krakovna , Sarah Cogan , Allan Dafoe , Lewis Ho , Rohin Shah

Machine learning systems are increasingly used to support public sector decision-making across a variety of sectors. Given concerns around accountability in these domains, and amidst accusations of intentional or unintentional bias, there…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Michael Veale

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare and medicine have increased in recent years. To enable access to personal data, Trusted Research environments (TREs) provide safe and secure environments in which researchers can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Esma Mansouri-Benssassi , Simon Rogers , Jim Smith , Felix Ritchie , Emily Jefferson

International cooperation is common in AI research, including between geopolitical rivals. While many experts advocate for greater international cooperation on AI safety to address shared global risks, some view cooperation on AI with…

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

Frontier AI developers operate at the intersection of rapid technical progress, extreme risk exposure, and growing regulatory scrutiny. While a range of external evaluations and safety frameworks have emerged, comparatively little attention…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Francesca Gomez , Adam Buick , Leah Ferentinos , Haelee Kim , Elley Lee

Threat modeling has long guided software development work, and we consider how Public Threat Models (PTM) can convey useful security information to others. We list some early adopter precedents, explain the many benefits, address potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Loren Kohnfelder , Adam Shostack