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Solving multi-objective optimization problems for large deep neural networks is a challenging task due to the complexity of the loss landscape and the expensive computational cost of training and evaluating models. Efficient Pareto front…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shiwei Liu , Han Hu , Bo Du

The advancement of deep learning has led to the emergence of Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) models, known for their dynamic allocation of computational resources based on input. Despite their promise, MoEs face challenges, particularly in terms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Alexandre Muzio , Alex Sun , Churan He

Sparsely Mixture of Experts (MoE) has received great interest due to its promising scaling capability with affordable computational overhead. MoE converts dense layers into sparse experts, and utilizes a gated routing network to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Yuan Xie , Shaohan Huang , Tianyu Chen , Furu Wei

We introduce MoMa, a novel modality-aware mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture designed for pre-training mixed-modal, early-fusion language models. MoMa processes images and text in arbitrary sequences by dividing expert modules into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Xi Victoria Lin , Akshat Shrivastava , Liang Luo , Srinivasan Iyer , Mike Lewis , Gargi Ghosh , Luke Zettlemoyer , Armen Aghajanyan

Deploying deep neural networks on mobile devices is increasingly important but remains challenging due to limited computing resources. On the other hand, their unified memory architecture and narrower gap between CPU and GPU performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zhuojin Li , Marco Paolieri , Leana Golubchik

The computational sparsity of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enables sub-linear growth in compute cost as model size increases, thus offering a scalable path to training massive neural networks. However, existing implementations suffer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Osayamen Jonathan Aimuyo , Byungsoo Oh , Rachee Singh

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged due to their capability to generate high-quality content across diverse contexts. To reduce their explosively increasing demands for computing resources, a mixture of experts (MoE) has emerged. The…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sungmin Yun , Kwanhee Kyung , Juhwan Cho , Jaewan Choi , Jongmin Kim , Byeongho Kim , Sukhan Lee , Kyomin Sohn , Jung Ho Ahn

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are emerging as the latest paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, due to memory constraints, MoE models with billions or even trillions of parameters can only be deployed in multi-GPU or even…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Bowen Zhou , Jinrui Jia , Wenhao He , Yong Zhang , Fang Dong

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are increasingly used to efficiently scale large language models. However, in production inference, request batching and speculative decoding significantly amplify expert activation, eroding these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Daniil Vankov , Nikita Ivkin , Kyle Ulrich , Xiang Song , Ashish Khetan , George Karypis

The Sparsely-Activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity for scaling up large language models (LLMs) without exploding computational costs. Despite its success, the current design faces a challenge where all experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Manxi Sun , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Pengzhi Gao , Bin Wang

The surgence of Mixture of Experts (MoE) in Large Language Models promises a small price of execution cost for a much larger model parameter count and learning capacity, because only a small fraction of parameters are activated for each…

Ensembles of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved qualitative predictions but they are computing and memory intensive. Therefore, the demand is growing to make them answer a heavy workload of requests with available computational…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Pierrick Pochelu , Serge G. Petiton , Bruno Conche

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable sparse expert activation, meaning that only a subset of the model's parameters is used during each inference. However, to translate this sparsity into practical performance, an expert caching mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Duc Hoang , Ajay Jaiswal , Mohammad Samragh , Minsik Cho

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) approach has demonstrated outstanding scalability in multi-task learning including low-level upstream tasks such as concurrent removal of multiple adverse weather effects. However, the conventional MoE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Rongyu Zhang , Yulin Luo , Jiaming Liu , Huanrui Yang , Zhen Dong , Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer , Yuan Du , Shanghang Zhang

An increasing number of LLMs employ Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures where the feed-forward layer is replaced by a pool of experts and each token only activates a small subset of them. During autoregressive generation, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Qingyang Wu , Wai Tong Chung , Robert Wu , Bryan Gopal , Junxiong Wang , Tri Dao , Ben Athiwaratkun

Emerging expert-specialized Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, such as DeepSeek-MoE, deliver strong model quality through fine-grained expert segmentation and large top-k routing. However, their scalability is limited by substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yueming Yuan , Ahan Gupta , Jianping Li , Sajal Dash , Feiyi Wang , Minjia Zhang

Diffusion policies have emerged as a powerful framework for robotic visuomotor control, yet they often lack the robustness to recover from subtask failures in long-horizon, multi-stage tasks and their learned representations of observations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Baiye Cheng , Tianhai Liang , Suning Huang , Maanping Shao , Feihong Zhang , Botian Xu , Zhengrong Xue , Huazhe Xu

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have enabled the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) by achieving massive parameter counts while maintaining computational efficiency. However, MoEs introduce several…

Current approaches to scheduling workloads on heterogeneous systems with specialized accelerators often rely on manual partitioning, offloading tasks with specific compute patterns to accelerators. This method requires extensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhenyu Bai , Dan Wu , Pranav Dangi , Dhananjaya Wijerathne , Venkata Pavan Kumar Miriyala , Tulika Mitra

We introduce a mapping framework for deep learning inference that takes advantage of predictable neural network behavior to plan both computation and communication ahead of time. The framework generates a unified stream of instructions and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Md Rownak Hossain Chowdhury , Mostafizur Rahman