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Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized training of machine learning models on distributed data while preserving privacy. However, in real-world FL settings, client data is often non-identically distributed and imbalanced, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gergely D. Németh , Eros Fanì , Yeat Jeng Ng , Barbara Caputo , Miguel Ángel Lozano , Nuria Oliver , Novi Quadrianto

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm involving multiple clients, e.g., mobile phone devices, with an incentive to collaborate in solving a machine learning problem coordinated by a central server. FL was proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Samuel Horváth

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its performance deteriorates under statistical heterogeneity. Clustered Federated Learning addresses this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mahad Ali , Laura J. Brattain

Federated Learning (FL) is a method of training machine learning models on private data distributed over a large number of possibly heterogeneous clients such as mobile phones and IoT devices. In this work, we propose a new federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Enmao Diao , Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh

With an increasing number of smart devices like internet of things (IoT) devices deployed in the field, offloadingtraining of neural networks (NNs) to a central server becomes more and more infeasible. Recent efforts toimprove users'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Kilian Pfeiffer , Martin Rapp , Ramin Khalili , Jörg Henkel

Decentralized federated learning (DFL) is a collaborative machine learning framework for training a model across participants without a central server or raw data exchange. DFL faces challenges due to statistical heterogeneity, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Gabriel Thompson , Kai Yue , Chau-Wai Wong , Huaiyu Dai

The increasing size of data generated by smartphones and IoT devices motivated the development of Federated Learning (FL), a framework for on-device collaborative training of machine learning models. First efforts in FL focused on learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Othmane Marfoq , Giovanni Neglia , Aurélien Bellet , Laetitia Kameni , Richard Vidal

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a key paradigm for collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing raw data, enabling privacy-preserving applications in areas such as radiology and pathology. However, works on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Furkan Pala , Islem Rekik

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach to training machine learning models across decentralized data sources while preserving data privacy, particularly in manufacturing and shared production environments. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tatjana Legler , Vinit Hegiste , Ahmed Anwar , Martin Ruskowski

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm enabling collaborative model training on decentralized devices without exposing their local data. A key challenge in FL is the uneven data distribution across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Federated learning (FL) is a new paradigm for distributed machine learning that allows a global model to be trained across multiple clients without compromising their privacy. Although FL has demonstrated remarkable success in various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Haolin Wang , Xuefeng Liu , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Jiaxing Shen

Federated Multi-Task Learning (FMTL) enables multiple clients performing heterogeneous tasks without exchanging their local data, offering broad potential for privacy preserving multi-task collaboration. However, most existing methods focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yipan Wei , Yuchen Zou , Yapeng Li , Bo Du

Federated learning (FL) addresses data privacy concerns by enabling collaborative training of AI models across distributed data owners. Wide adoption of FL faces the fundamental challenges of data heterogeneity and the large scale of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Yulan Gao , Zhaoxiang Hou , Chengyi Yang , Zengxiang Li , Han Yu

Federated learning (FL) is increasingly adopted in domains like healthcare, where data privacy is paramount. A fundamental challenge in these systems is statistical heterogeneity-the fact that data distributions vary significantly across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zijian Wang , Xiaofei Zhang , Xin Zhang , Yukun Liu , Qiong Zhang

Federated learning (FL) has been proposed to protect data privacy and virtually assemble the isolated data silos by cooperatively training models among organizations without breaching privacy and security. However, FL faces heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Dashan Gao , Xin Yao , Qiang Yang

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a novel framework to learn several tasks simultaneously with a single shared network where each task has its distinct personalized header network for fine-tuning. MTL can be implemented in federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Matin Mortaheb , Cemil Vahapoglu , Sennur Ulukus

Data heterogeneity across clients in federated learning (FL) settings is a widely acknowledged challenge. In response, personalized federated learning (PFL) emerged as a framework to curate local models for clients' tasks. In PFL, a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yutong Dai , Zeyuan Chen , Junnan Li , Shelby Heinecke , Lichao Sun , Ran Xu

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) over massive applications including Internet-of-things on cellular network raises the concern of technical challenges such as privacy, heterogeneity and resource efficiency. Federated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Xingfu Yi , Rongpeng Li , Chenghui Peng , Fei Wang , Jianjun Wu , Zhifeng Zhao

One of the key challenges of collaborative machine learning, without data sharing, is multimodal data heterogeneity in real-world settings. While Federated Learning (FL) enables model training across multiple clients, existing frameworks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alejandro Guerra-Manzanares , Omar El-Herraoui , Michail Maniatakos , Farah E. Shamout

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving paradigm where multiple participants jointly solve a machine learning problem without sharing raw data. Unlike traditional distributed learning, a unique characteristic of FL is statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Kai Yue , Richeng Jin , Ryan Pilgrim , Chau-Wai Wong , Dror Baron , Huaiyu Dai