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Quantum imaging with spatially entangled photons offers advantages such as enhanced spatial resolution, robustness against noise, and counter-intuitive phenomena, while a biphoton spatial aberration generally degrades its performance.…
Inhomogeneities in the refractive index of a biological sample can introduce phase aberrationsin microscopy systems, severely impairing the quality of images. Adaptive optics can be employed to correct for phase aberrations and improve…
Spontaneous processes triggered in a sample by free electrons are commonly regarded as incoherent, and therefore unable to interfere with external light sources. Here, we challenge this concept by showing through first-principles theory…
The possibility to perform high-resolution time-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy has the potential to impact a broad range of research fields. Resolving small energy losses with ultrashort electron pulses, however, is an enormous…
The key to photoelectric X-ray polarimetry is the determination of the emission direction of photoelectrons. Because of the low mass of an electron, the ionisation trajectory is not straight and the useful information needed for polarimetry…
Direction-dependent instrumental polarisation introduces wide-field polarimetric aberrations and limits the dynamic range of low-frequency interferometric images. We therefore provide a detailed two-dimensional analysis of the Giant…
Locally chiral light is an emerging tool for probing and controlling molecular chirality. It can generate large and freely adjustable enantioselectivities in purely electric-dipole effects, offering its major advantages over traditional…
Attosecond electron pulses enable real-time probing of ultrafast matter dynamics, yet conventional modulation schemes suffer from drastically shortened longitudinal focal lengths when targeting sub-attosecond durations. To address this…
Metasurface lenses, namely metalenses, are ultrathin planar nanostructures that are capable of manipulating the properties of incoming light and imparting lens-like wavefront to the output. Although they have shown promising potentials for…
Distinguishing between the left- and right-handed versions of a chiral molecule (enantiomers) is vital, but also inherently difficult. Traditional optical methods using elliptically or circularly polarized light rely on weak linear effects…
Multimode optical fibers represent the ideal platform for transferring multidimensional light states. However, dispersion degrades the correlations between the light's degrees of freedom, thus limiting the effective transport of ultrashort…
Circular dichroism spectroscopy is an essential technique for understanding molecular structure and magnetic materials, but spatial resolution is limited by the wavelength of light, and sensitivity sufficient for single-molecule…
Computer generated holography requires high-speed spatial light modulators (SLMs) for dynamically patterning light in 3D. Piston-motion micromirror-based SLMs support high-speed ($\geq$ 10 kHz) phase modulation; however, fabricating…
A free electron can temporarily gain a very significant amount of energy if it is overrun by an intense electromagnetic wave. In principle, this process would permit large enhancements in the center-of-mass energy of electron-electron,…
Sculpting sub-cycle temporal structures of optical waveforms allows one to image and even control electronic clouds in atoms, molecules and solids. Here we show how the transverse spin component arising upon spatial confinement of such…
Laser-based preparation, manipulation, and readout of the states of quantum particles has become a powerful research tool that has enabled the most precise measurements of time, fundamental constants, and electromagnetic fields. Laser…
A wide range of ultrafast phenomena in various atomic, molecular and condense matter systems is governed by electron dynamics. Therefore, the ability to image electronic motion in real space and real time would provide a deeper…
Imaging energy filters in photoelectron microscopes and momentum microscopes use spherical fields with deflection angles of 90{\deg}, 180{\deg}, and even 2 x 180{\deg}. These instruments are optimized for high energy resolution, but exhibit…
Manipulating the spin polarization of electron beams using light is highly desirable but exceedingly challenging, as the approaches proposed in previous studies using free-space light usually require enormous laser intensities. Here, we…
Light scattering in inhomogeneous media induces wavefront distortions which pose an inherent limitation in many optical applications. Examples range from microscopy and nanosurgery to astronomy. In recent years, ongoing efforts have made…